scholarly journals Systems-level chromosomal parameters represent a suprachromosomal basis for the non-random chromosomal arrangement in human interphase nuclei

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarosh N. Fatakia ◽  
Ishita S. Mehta ◽  
Basuthkar J. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Chromosomal Arrangement

scholarly journals Systems-level chromosomal parameters represent the suprachromosomal basis for a non-random chromosomal arrangement in human interphase nuclei

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarosh N. Fatakia ◽  
Ishita S. Mehta ◽  
Basuthkar J. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Density ◽  
Conserved Synteny ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Chromosomal Arrangement ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Mathematical Coupling

AbstractForty-six chromosome territories (CTs) are positioned uniquely in the human interphase nuclei, wherein each of their position can range from the center of the nucleus to its periphery. A non-empirical basis for their non-random arrangement remains unreported. Here, we derive a suprachromosomal basis of that overall arrangement (which we refer to as a CT constellation), and report a hierarchical nature of the same. Using matrix algebra, we unify intrinsic chromosomal parameters (e.g., chromosomal length, gene density, the number of genes per chromosome), to derive an extrinsic effective gene density matrix, the hierarchy of which is dominated by the extrinsic mathematical coupling of HSA19, followed by HSA17 (human chromosome 19 and 17, both preferentially interior CTs) with all CTs. We corroborate predicted constellations and the effective gene density hierarchy with published reports from fluorescent in situ hybridization based microscopy and Hi-C techniques, and delineate analogous hierarchy in disparate vertebrates. Our theory accurately predicts CTs localized to the nuclear interior, which interestingly share conserved synteny with HSA19 and/or HSA17. Finally, the effective gene density hierarchy dictates how inter-CT permutations represent plasticity within constellations and we suggest that a differential mix of coding with noncoding genome may modulate the same.

Somatic pairing of chromosome 1 centromeres in interphase nuclei of human cerebellum

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. J. Arnoldus ◽  
A. C. B. Peters ◽  
G. T. A. M. Bots ◽  
A. K. Raap ◽  
M. van der Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Somatic Pairing

Diagnosis of aneuploidy by in situ hybridization: Analysis of interphase nuclei

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Vorsanova ◽  
Yu. B. Yurov ◽  
G. V. Deryagin ◽  
I. V. Solov'ev ◽  
G. A. Bytenskaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Analysis ◽  
Interphase Nuclei

Continuous DNA replication in the nucleus of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans (Ehrenberg)

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
S.A. Filfilan ◽  
D.C. Sigee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Prorocentrum Micans ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The uptake of tritiated thymine into cells of a heterogeneous population of Prorocentrum micans was investigated using light-microscope and electron-microscope autoradiography. Specificity of thymine uptake into DNA was demonstrated by the specific removal of label from wax-embedded material using DNase and by the high degree of localization of nuclear label to chromosomes in the electron-microscope autoradiographs. All nuclei, including both dividing and non-dividing cells, showed a substantial uptake of label, indicating that nuclear DNA synthesis in Prorocentrum micans is a continuous process. The level of DNA synthesis does show considerable variation, however, with very high levels in some interphase nuclei. The continuous replication of nuclear DNA provides further evidence of dinoflagellate affinity to the prokaryotes, and indicates that Prorocentrum micans is a very primitive eukaryote cell.

Fine structure of the haplosporidan Kernstab, a persistent, intranuclear mitotic apparatus

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-346
Author(s):  
F.O. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Pole Body

The fine structure of the haplosporidan mitotic apparatus is described from observations of plasmodial nuclei of Minchinia nelsoni, M. costalis, Minchinia sp., and Urosporidium crescens. The apparatus, which is the Kernstab of light-microscope studies, consists of a bundle of microtubules terminating in a spindle pole body (SPB) at each end of the bundle. A few microtubules extend from SPB to SPB, but most either extend from an SPB and terminate in the nucleoplasm or lie in the nucleoplasm, free of either SPB. The bundle lengthens during mitosis, increasing the SPB-to-SPB distance by a factor of 2 to 3 as compared to interphase nuclei. SPBs are not in contact with the nuclear envelope, being found always in the nucleoplasm which is delimited by the nuclear envelope throughout mitosis. The mitotic apparatus is persistent through interphase, at least in a form which is not significantly different from that found in mitotic nuclei.

The Synthesis and Migration of Nuclear Proteins during Mitosis and differentiation of Cells in Rats

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (75) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
R. T. SIMS
Keyword(s):  
Granular Cell ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Silver Grains

Hooded rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-tyrosine, and killed in pairs 10 min, 30 min, 12 h, 36 h, 7 days, and 30 days later. A piece of skin with white growing hair, and the tongue, were taken from each animal and radioautographs were prepared. Silver grains were counted over whole nuclei and whole mitotic figures of the germinal cells and whole nuclei of differentiating cells of both tissues. It was found that the interphase nuclei have significantly more silver grains over them than the chromosomes at all stages of mitosis and there are virtually no grains over metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase chromosomes in both tissues of all the animals killed up to 36 h after the injection. The difference between the grain counts over the interphase nuclei and the chromosomes of dividing cells is at least 20-fold at 30 min in the hair matrix, at least 5-fold at 30 min in the tongue and at 36 h in both tissues. It was established that the differences observed between the radioactivities of the nuclei and chromosomes of mitotic figures are real from estimates of: the radioactivity of the cell cytoplasm, volumes of the metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei within 1µ of the photographic emulsion, and the volumes of cytoplasm separating the photographic emulsion and these structures. No protein synthesis was demonstrable in the chromosomes during metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase. Nuclear proteins leave the chromosomes during prophase and prometaphase and return to the nucleus during late telophase. The cells in the matrix and upper bulb of the growing hair follicle and those in the germinal, prickle, and granular cell layers of the tongue are in different functional states; 30 min after injection of 3H-tyrosine they have different amounts of it in their nuclear proteins. It is suggested that the amount incorporated into each nucleus is related to the rate at which proteins are being synthesized by the cell.

scholarly journals Characterization of eight species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae) from the nucleolar organizing region

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Ysbelia Sánchez-G ◽  
María B. Raymúndez ◽  
José Imery ◽  
M. Cristina Acosta ◽  
Eduardo Moscone
Keyword(s):  
Subtelomeric Region ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region ◽  
Subtelomeric Regions

Abstract Nucleolar organizing region of eight species of Aloe was analyzed in somatic metaphases and interphase nuclei. All species showed a uniform 2n=14, with eight large chromosomes and six small chromosomes. Satellites were observed on the long arm of one or two pairs of large chromosomes and/or on the short arm of one of the small pairs. The silver-stained nucleolus organizing regions were located on the subtelomeric region of the long arm of one or two pairs of large chromosomes, except for Aloe dichotoma and Aloe maculata, which the AgNORs were located at a short arm of one of their small chromosomes. In most studied species, the active AgNOR number was four. However, this number changing from one to eight. For all species, the interphase number of nucleoli can be one or two, while, in Aloe excelsa, this number can be changing from one to eight. Polymorphism of active AgNORs and the number of interphase nucleoli were revealed, except for Aloe petricola, which active AgNORs were located only in the subtelomeric regions at the long arm of one of the L2 chromosomes, as well as in the L4 pair, which is agrément with the maximum number (three) of interphase nucleoli.

Nuclear proteins of quiescent and mitotically active cells in shoot meristems of Tradescantia paludosa

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2049-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Tobin ◽  
Kyu-Byung Yun ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Tradescantia Paludosa ◽  
Shoot Meristems

In inhibited lateral buds of Tradescantia paludosa, interphase nuclei in the apical zone of inhibition contain higher levels of arginine per unit DNA than those of mitotically active cells in interphase or prophase. Supplementary dye-binding experiments suggest that this reflects a corresponding difference between the composition of the histone complement of chromatin in the two cells populations. The possible implications of this phenomenon are discussed.

Demonstration of the translocation der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11.2) in interphase nuclei of ewing tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Hattinger ◽  
Silvia Rumpler ◽  
Inge M. Ambros ◽  
Sabine Strehl ◽  
Thomas Lion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Ewing Tumors
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