Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC)-Derived MicroRNA-189 Inhibits Glioma Tumorigenesis Through Suppressing Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)-Mediated Nuclear Factor Kappa Light Chain Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway

This study aims at investigating the mechanism underlying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) function in glioma. Glioma cells were administered with plasmids loading NF-κB siRNA, microRNA (miRNA)-189 inhibitor, or miR-189 mimics for transfection followed by analysis of miR-189 expression by RT-qPCR, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, cell proliferation by MTT assay,invasion and migration by Transwell assay, inflammatory factors secretion by ELISA as well as proteins expression by western blot. A mouse model of glioma was established to detect the in vivo effect of BMSCs. miR-189 was lowly expressed in glioma cell lines but enriched in BMSCs. When miR-189 was silenced, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were potentiated and apoptosis was decreased, along with enhancement of N-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-2 and and MMP-9, and decline in Bax, cleaved casepase-3 and cleaved PARP. Silencing of NF-κB reversed the effect of miR-189 inhibitor on cell progression, accompanied with reduction of inflammatory factors. BMSCs treatment effectively promoted miR-189 expression in glioma and inactivated TNF-α/NF-κB signaling, thereby suppressing tumor growth. In conclusion, miR-189 derived from BMSC inhibits glioma progression through regulation of TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)-Exosome Inhibits Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) Cell Proliferative Ability Through Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MKP)-1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK)/Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signal Pathway

The BMSCs-exosome plays a role in regulating tumor micro-environment so as to affect tumor cell biological behaviors. However, whether it affects the biological characteristics of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells remains unclear. Our study aimed to discuss whether BMSCs-exosome affects EOC cell proliferative ability. BMSCs cells were cultivated to isolate exosome which was used to treat EOC cells at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μmol/L) followed by measuring cell proliferation by CCK-8, cell invasion and migration by Transwell, MKP-1and MAPK/ERK protein level by Western Blot. BMSCs-exosome showed positive expression of CD9, CD63 and CD81 and negative CD116 and CD19. It could significantly inhibit EOC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in a dose-dependent manner along with reduced expression of MAPK/ERK. In conclusion, BMSCs-exosome inhibits EOC cell biological behaviors possibly through regulation of MKP-1 and MAPK/ERK signal pathway, indicating that it might be used as a novel approach for treating EOC.

Influence of Ancient Mesopotamian Aesthetics of Gardens/Parks and Water Installations on the Development of Landscape Architecture

Based on the information from fundamental historical sources, the oldest origins of civilization can be found in the river valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Throughout Mesopotamia important routes of trade and migration of peoples followed, which influenced the emergence and development of one of the world’s first urban-type civilizations. It was here that the Sumerian civilization evolved, leading to a major cultural and technological breakthrough. Their widely used irrigation canals influenced not only the landscape, but also the entire ecological, economic and political systems of the time, water being a particularly important factor in this civilization. The oldest known gardens have also expanded here, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon still fuel people's imagination. Due to its unique geographical location, the region has had a profound impact on the surrounding nations, and it is no accident that the Assyrian Imperial Parks of Northern Mesopotamia exerted a great influence on the civilizations that followed. Undoubtedly, ancient Mesopotamia occupies a fundamental place in the development of garden art. With the growing use of roof gardens and the use of plants in modern architectural constructions as an extremely important tool for composition, it is worth exploring more closely the origins of this landscape-relevant process.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) with a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) Overexpression Increase Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein Kinase b (AKT) Signaling

ADAM-17 is a membrane-bound protease and highly expressed in multiple tumors. BMSCs carrying target genes are delivered to damaged sites. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying BMSCs with ADAM-17 in cervical cancer (CC). BMSCs were transfected with ADAM-17 mimics and co-cultured with CC cells followed by analysis of cell proliferation and migration by MTT assay and scratch assay, ADAM-17 and target genes (LAMB3, Robol) level by Western blot and RT-qPCR. As the effectiveness of ADAM-17 transfection was confirmed by its increased level, the presence of empty vector rarely affected ADAM-17 expression and biological activities of CC cells compared to control group (p > 0.05). BMSCs with ADAM-17 overexpression increased CC cell proliferation and enhanced scratch healing rate (p < 0.05), accompanied with upregulated LAMB3 and Robol. The difference in LAMB3 and Robol expression between empty vector group and control group did not reach a significance. In conclsuion, this study elucidates that BMSCs with ADAM-17 overexpression promotes CC cell progression through up-regulation of LAMB3 and Robol and activation EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling, providing a novel BMSC-based targeted therapy.