Natriuretic Response to Preferential Plasma Volume Expansion in Normal Unanaesthetized Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Reyburn ◽  
J. P. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Volume Increase

1. The natriuretic response of normally hydrated unanaesthetized dogs to preferential plasma volume expansion was studied, comparing the response to infusion of hyperoncotic dextran in isotonic saline with that to infusion of an identical volume of isotonic saline. 2. Significant increases in urine flow, sodium excretion, sodium filtration and potassium excretion were observed with each type of infusion. 3. The changes with each type of infusion were not significantly different however, even though plasma volume increased significantly following dextran saline infusion. 4. The natriuretic response of normal dogs to preferential plasma volume expansion appears to be commensurate with the saline load infused rather than the induced plasma volume increase.

THE EFFECT OF VAGOTOMY AND DENERVATION OF THE CAROTID SINUS ON DIURESIS FOLLOWING PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Flow Section ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Reflex Mechanism ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Afferent Vagal

The hypothesis exists that afferent vagal fibers, arising in cardiac atrial stretch receptors, serve as the sensory limb of a reflex mechanism sensitive to variations in blood volume and producing corresponding changes in urine flow. Section of the vagi did not, however, prevent the diuretic and chloruretic response to expansion of the plasma volume with isotonic infusions. Carotid sinus denervation alone or combined with vagotomy also failed to prevent the diuresis and chloruresis following infusion in most experiments, although in a few cases the response was absent or diminished after the combined procedure. Reasons are given for believing that the bovine albumin infusion used did not act directly on the kidney to increase urine output, but rather through a reflex mechanism which could not have depended on the integrity of the vagi. It is concluded that receptors additional to those in the cardiac atria and the carotid sinus must contribute to the sensory component of a reflex mechanism regulating plasma volume.

SEPSIS DOES NOT ALTER PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION (PVE) IN RESPONSE TO 0.9% SALINE INFUSION IN SHEEP

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 49A
Author(s):  
K.I. Brauer ◽  
D.S. Prough ◽  
J.B. Clifton ◽  
L.D. Traber ◽  
D.L. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion

Isotonic saline causes greater volume overload than electrolyte-free irrigating fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Elimination Half

Abstract Objectives Systemic absorption of the irrigating fluid used to flush the operating site is a potentially serious complication in several types of endoscopic operations. To increase safety, many surgeons have changed from a monopolar to a bipolar resection technique because 0.9% saline can then be used instead of electrolyte-free fluid for irrigation. The present study examines whether the tendency for excessive plasma volume expansion is greater with saline than with electrolyte-free fluid. Methods Pooled data were analyzed from four studies in which a mean of 1.25 L of either 0.9% saline or an electrolyte-free irrigating fluid containing glycine, mannitol, and sorbitol was given by intravenous infusion on 80 occasions to male volunteers and patients scheduled for transurethral prostatic surgery. The distribution of the infused fluid was analyzed with a population volume kinetic model based on frequently measured hemodilution and the urinary excretion. Results Electrolyte-free fluid distributed almost twice as fast and was excreted four times faster than 0.9% saline. The distribution half-life was 6.5 and 10.6 min for the electrolyte-free fluid and saline, respectively, and the elimination half-lives (by urinary excretion) from the plasma volume were 21 and 87 min. Simulation showed that the plasma volume expansion was twice as great from 0.9% saline than from electrolyte-free fluid. Conclusions Isotonic (0.9%) saline expands the plasma volume by twice as much as occurs with electrolyte-free irrigating fluids. This difference might explain why signs of cardiovascular overload are the most commonly observed adverse effects when saline is absorbed during endoscopic surgery.

Iso-Oncotic Volume Expansion in the Nephrotic Syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ton J. Rabelink ◽  
Joost A. Bijlsma ◽  
Hein A. Koomans
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Humoral Factors

1. In previous studies we found that albumin infusions caused only a modest natriuresis in the nephrotic syndrome, suggesting that hypovolaemia played no part in the sodium retention of these patients. However, this finding was inconclusive, since the hyperoncocity of the infused albumin probably opposed sodium excretion. 2. In the present study, we examined the effect of sustained (68 h) plasma volume expansion (+18%), by means of iso-oncotic albumin infusions, on renal function, blood pressure, humoral factors and sodium balance. 3. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels increased almost threefold and renin-angiotensin system activity was suppressed. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged, whereas estimated renal plasma flow increased, resulting in a further decrease in filtration fraction. 4. The increase in plasma volume expansion was accompanied by a modest increase in sodium excretion, which, however, was less than the amount of sodium daily infused with the albumin solutions and consumed with the diet, so that net sodium was retained. 5. This observation supports the concept that an intrinsic renal defect causes the sodium retention in the nephrotic syndrome, and argues against the therapeutic use of albumin infusions.

Atrial natriuretic peptide – cyclic GMP coupling and urinary sodium excretion during acute volume expansion in man

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Sagnella ◽  
Donald R. J. Singer ◽  
Nirmala D. Markandu ◽  
Graham A. MacGregor ◽  
David G. Shirley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The present study examines hormonal and renal responses to acute volume expansion in normal man, with particular emphasis on the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – cyclic GMP coupling. Two liters of isotonic saline were infused into eight normotensive male subjects over a 1-h period. Plasma and urinary measurements were made before, during, and up to 300 min after the start of the saline infusion. With the initial increase in urinary sodium excretion there were increases in plasma ANP and plasma cyclic GMP, which reached maximum levels at 15 min after the end of the saline infusion. Urinary cyclic GMP increased gradually during saline infusion up to approximately 60 min after the end of the infusion. Plasma ANP and plasma and urinary cyclic GMP excretion gradually declined thereafter. By contrast, urinary sodium excretion remained elevated up to the end of the observation period. The saline infusion was associated with marked reductions in plasma renin activity and aldosterone, which persisted up to the end of the study. These results suggest a coupling between the increases in plasma ANP, the production of cyclic GMP, and urinary sodium excretion, in particular during the initial renal response to acute volume expansion. However, other mechanisms including the suppression of the rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may become increasingly important in the later natriuretic response to acute volume expansion.Key words: atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic GMP, sodium, renal, human.

scholarly journals ANTECEDENT HEMORRHAGE INCREASES PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION (PVE) IN RESPONSE TO 0.9% SALINE INFUSION IN SHEEP

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 135S ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. Brauer ◽  
D.S. Prough ◽  
L.D. Traber ◽  
D.L. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion

scholarly journals ISOFLURANE DECREASES PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION (PVE) IN RESPONSE TO 0.9% SALINE INFUSION IN SHEEP

1999 ◽  
Vol 88 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 115S
Author(s):  
K.I. Brauer ◽  
D.S. Prough ◽  
L.D. Traber ◽  
D.L. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion

THE EFFECT OF VAGOTOMY AND DENERVATION OF THE CAROTID SINUS ON DIURESIS FOLLOWING PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Flow Section ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Reflex Mechanism ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
Afferent Vagal

The hypothesis exists that afferent vagal fibers, arising in cardiac atrial stretch receptors, serve as the sensory limb of a reflex mechanism sensitive to variations in blood volume and producing corresponding changes in urine flow. Section of the vagi did not, however, prevent the diuretic and chloruretic response to expansion of the plasma volume with isotonic infusions. Carotid sinus denervation alone or combined with vagotomy also failed to prevent the diuresis and chloruresis following infusion in most experiments, although in a few cases the response was absent or diminished after the combined procedure. Reasons are given for believing that the bovine albumin infusion used did not act directly on the kidney to increase urine output, but rather through a reflex mechanism which could not have depended on the integrity of the vagi. It is concluded that receptors additional to those in the cardiac atria and the carotid sinus must contribute to the sensory component of a reflex mechanism regulating plasma volume.

Renal nerves and renal responses to volume expansion in conscious monkeys

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. R388-R394 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Peterson ◽  
B. A. Benjamin ◽  
N. L. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Responses

Experiments were performed in conscious macaque monkeys to determine the effect of renal denervation on the diuresis and natriuresis of blood volume expansion. When the kidneys were innervated, expansion of estimated blood volume by 20% with 3% dextran in isotonic saline caused increases in urine flow (V), from 0.28 +/- 0.07 ml/min to a peak response of 1.08 +/- 0.20 ml/min, absolute sodium excretion (UNaV), from 30.0 +/- 11.2 to 99.8 +/- 11.7 mueq/min, and fractional sodium excretion (FENa+), from 1.24 +/- 0.51 to 3.19 +/- 0.56%. The animals then underwent bilateral renal denervation and were volume expanded a second time 6-13 days postdenervation. Under this condition, V increased from 0.32 +/- 0.05 to 0.64 +/- 0.08 ml/min, UNaV, from 22.2 +/- 4.6 to 46.2 +/- 8.0 mueq/min, and FENa+, from 0.91 +/- 0.26 to 1.92 +/- 0.41%, these increases being significantly less than when the kidneys were innervated. These results demonstrate that the renal nerves play an important role in the nonhuman primate in mediating increases in renal excretion during hypervolemia.

HYPOPROTEINEMIA DOES NOT ALTER PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION (PVE) IN RESPONSE TO 0.9% SALINE INFUSION IN SHEEP

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 60A ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. Brauer ◽  
D.S. Prough ◽  
L.D. Traber ◽  
D.L. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion
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