EMG Analysis of the Late Exteroceptive Suppression Period of Temporal Muscle Activity in Episodic and Chronic Tension-Type Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas-Martin Wallasch ◽  
Martin Reinecke ◽  
Hans-Dieter Langohr
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Tension Type Headache ◽  
Exteroceptive Suppression ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headaches

EMG analysis of the late exteroceptive suppression period of the temporal muscle activity is discussed as comparative methodology in the assessment of patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache and from migraineurs (1, 2). After electrical perioral trigeminal nerve stimulation during maximum voluntary jaw occlusion, early (ES1) and late (ES2) exteroceptive suppression periods can be registered above the temples using surface EMG recordings (3–6). In patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache the duration of the late suppression period is shortened ( p < 0.001) compared to migraineurs or controls. However, patients suffering from episodic tension-type headache display late suppression periods of temporal muscle activity of differing lengths.

Exteroceptive Suppression of Temporal Muscle Activity is Normal in Chronic Tension-Type Headache and Not Related To Actual Headache State

Cephalalgia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bendtsen ◽  
R Jensen ◽  
J Brennum ◽  
L Arerndt-Nielser ◽  
J Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Tension Type Headache ◽  
Exteroceptive Suppression ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Muscle Tenderness ◽  
Type Headache

The aim of the present study was to compare the late exteroceptive suppression period (ES2) of temporalis muscle activity between patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy controls, and to investigate the influence, if any, of actual headache on ES2. ES2 was recorded in 55 patients and in 55 controls with a previously evaluated methodology and analysed by a blinded observer. The first 20 patients were randomly studied on 2 additional days, 1 day with and 1 day without headache. The duration of ES2 did not differ between patients and controls and did not differ on days with headache compared with days without headache. ES2 duration was not related to the frequency of headache, headache intensity, age, pericranial muscle tenderness or electrical pain threshold. Our results strongly indicate that ES2 is normal in chronic tension-type headache and therefore may not be related to the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Exteroceptive Suppression of Temporalis Muscle Activity: Findings in Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas-Martin Wallasch ◽  
Hartmut Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Chronic Tension Type Headache ◽  
Exteroceptive Suppression ◽  
Headache Diagnosis ◽  
Secondary Phenomenon ◽  
Type Headache

Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis muscle activity was proposed by Schoenen and co-workers in 1987 as a tool in headache diagnosis and research. Their finding of a decreased or abolished second silent period (ES2) in chronic tension-type headache sufferers has been confirmed by several independent laboratories during the last five years. Temporalis silent periods have also been studied in various other types of headaches. Their modulation by neuropsychological factors and pharmacological agents has also been investigated as well as their retest reliability. The pathophysiological concept of muscle contraction in tension-type headache has been challenged by studies using temporalis silent periods. The exterocepfive suppression of temporalis muscle activity points unequivocally towards a central pathogenetic mechanism, although it remains unclear whether the abnormalities of temporalis ES2 represent the primary dysfunction or a secondary phenomenon in chronic tension-type headache.

Exteroceptive Suppression of the Masseter, Temporalis and Trapezius Muscles Produced by Mental Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Nakashima ◽  
Kazuro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Chronic Tension Type Headache ◽  
Exteroceptive Suppression ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
Type Headache

Exteroceptive suppression of the masseter, temporalis and trapezius muscles, produced by mental nerve stimulation, was studied in 46 patients with chronic headaches. The background contracting electromyographic activity prior to stimulation showed no difference between normal subjects and patients with any type of headache. In patients with chronic tension-type headache associated with a disorder of the pericranial muscles, the duration and degree of exteroceptive suppression were lower when compared with normal subjects. A low degree of exteroceptive suppression was observed also in patients suffering from migraine without aura, although exteroceptive suppression in patients suffering from migraine with aura and cluster headache was the same as that in normal subjects. A low degree of exteroceptive suppression may play a role not only in chronic tension-type headache associated with a disorder of the pericranial muscles, but also in migraine without aura.

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