Reversible data hiding for encrypted image based on adaptive prediction error coding

With the development of cloud computing, high-capacity reversible data hiding in an encrypted image (RDHEI) has attracted increasing attention. The main idea of RDHEI is that an image owner encrypts a cover image, and then a data hider embeds secret information in the encrypted image. With the information hiding key, a receiver can extract the embedded data from the hidden image; with the encryption key, the receiver reconstructs the original image. In this paper, we can embed data in the form of random bits or scanned documents. The proposed method takes full advantage of the spatial correlation in the original images to vacate the room for embedding information before image encryption. By jointly using Sudoku and Arnold chaos encryption, the encrypted images retain the vacated room. Before the data hiding phase, the secret information is preprocessed by a halftone, quadtree, and S-BOX transformation. The experimental results prove that the proposed method not only realizes high-capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted images but also reconstructs the original image completely.

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A Location Map Reduced Reversible Data Hiding Method Using Prediction Error Modification

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.428 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6-7 ◽

pp. 428-433

Author(s):

Yan Wei Li ◽

Mei Chen Wu ◽

Tung Shou Chen ◽

Wien Hong

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Data Hiding ◽

Prediction Error ◽

Reversible Data Hiding ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Cover Image ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Secret Data ◽

Location Map ◽

Comparable Image Quality

We propose a reversible data hiding technique to improve Hong and Chen’s (2010) method. Hong and Chen divide the cover image into pixel group, and use reference pixels to predict other pixel values. Data are then embedded by modifying the prediction errors. However, when solving the overflow and underflow problems, they employ a location map to record the position of saturated pixels, and these pixels will not be used to carry data. In their method, if the image has a plenty of saturated pixels, the payload is decreased significantly because a lot of saturated pixels will not joint the embedment. We improve Hong and Chen’s method such that the saturated pixels can be used to carry data. The positions of these saturated pixels are then recorded in a location map, and the location map is embedded together with the secret data. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method has better payload, will providing a comparable image quality.

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Reversible Data Hiding for Encrypted Image Based on Interpolation Error Expansion

International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications ◽

10.4018/ijmcmc.2018100105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 76-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fuqiang Di ◽

Minqing Zhang ◽

Yingnan Zhang ◽

Jia Liu

Keyword(s):

Data Hiding ◽

Reversible Data Hiding ◽

Side Information ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Prediction Method ◽

Interpolation Error ◽

Encrypted Image ◽

Error Expansion ◽

Pixel Correlation ◽

Embedding Performance

A novel reversible data hiding algorithm for encrypted image based on interpolation error expansion is proposed. The proposed method is an improved version of Shiu' s. His work does not make full use of the correlation of the neighbor pixels and some additional side information is needed. The proposed method adopts the interpolation prediction method to fully exploit the pixel correlation and employ the Paillier public key encryption method. The algorithm is reversible. In the proposed method, less side information is demanded. The experiment has verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, and the better embedding performance can be obtained, compared with some existing RDHEI-P methods. Specifically, the final embedding capacity can be up to 0.74 bpp (bit per pixel), while the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) for the marked image Lena is 35 dB. This is significantly higher than Shiu's method which is about 0.5 bpp.

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