Optimal trade credit and replenishment policies for non-instantaneous deteriorating items

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1826
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sunil Tiwari ◽  
V.S.S. Yadavalli ◽  
Chandra K. Jaggi
Keyword(s):  
Solution Method ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Inventory ◽  
The Impact

The present study presents a fuzzy inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under conditions of permissible delay in payments. In the current paper, we incorporate the condition in which, the supplier accepts the partial payment at the end of the credit period and the reaming amount after that period under the term and condition. Here, the demand rate is a function of the selling price. Also, it is assumed that shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged. The present paper also considers that the interest earned (IE) on the fixed deposit amount, i.e., revenue generated by fulfilling the shortage, balance amount, after settling the account is higher than that of usual interest rate (Ie). Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the retailer’s optimal policies that maximize the total profit. Also, some theoretical results are obtained, which shows that the optimal solution not only exists, it is unique also. The impact of the new proposed credit policy is investigated on the optimality of the solution for the non-instantaneous deteriorating products. The validation of the proposed model and its solution method is demonstrated through the numerical example. The results indicate that the inventory model, along with the solution method, provides a powerful tool to the retail managers under real-world situations. Results demonstrate that it is essential for the managers to consider the inclusion of new proposed credit policy significantly increases the net annual profit.

A Fuzzy Inventory Model for Weibull Deteriorating Items with Price-Dependent Demand and Shortages under Permissible Delay in Payment

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
Chandra K. Jaggi ◽  
Sarla Pareek ◽  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payment ◽  
Fuzzy Inventory ◽  
Dependent Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Inventory Model

In this paper, a fuzzy inventory model is formulated for deteriorating items with price dependent demand under the consideration of permissible delay in payment. A two parameter Weibull distribution is taken to represent the time to deterioration. Shortages are allowed and completely backlogged. For Fuzzification of the model, the demand rate, holding cost, unit purchase cost, deterioration rate, ordering cost, shortage cost, interest earn and interest paid are assumed to be triangular fuzzy numbers. As a result, the profit function will be derived in fuzzy sense in order to obtain the optimal stock-in period, cycle length and the selling price. The graded mean integration method is used to defuzzify the profit function. Then, to test the validity of the model a numerical example is considered and solved. Finally, to study the effect of changes of different parameters on the optimal solution i.e. average profit, order quantity, stock-in period, cycle length and selling price, sensitivity analysis are performed.

Optimal replenishment and credit policy in an inventory model for deteriorating items under two-levels of trade credit policy when demand depends on both time and credit period involving default risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Mukherjee ◽  
Gour Chandra Mahata
Keyword(s):  
Default Risk ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Credit Period ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Credit Financing

In this paper, we examine an optimal dynamic decision-making problem for a retailer’s inventory system of deteriorating items under two-level trade credit financing where the supplier, as well as the retailer, offers trade credit to the subsequent downstream member, the demand rate of which varies simultaneously with time and the length of credit period that is offered to the customers. The deterioration rate is non-decreasing over time. In addition, the risk of default increases with the credit period length. A generalized model is presented to determine the optimal trade credit and replenishment strategies that maximize the retailer’s annual total profit. We then demonstrate that the retailer’s optimal credit period and replenishment cycle time not only exist but also are unique. Thus, the search of the global optimal solution reduces to finding a local solution. Finally, we run several numerical examples to illustrate the problem and gain managerial insights.

An inventory model of a three parameter Weibull distributed deteriorating item with variable demand dependent on price and frequency of advertisement under trade credit

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Shaikh ◽  
Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas–Barrón ◽  
Asoke Kumar Bhunia ◽  
Sunil Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Variable Demand ◽  
Reduced Gradient Method ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Reduced Gradient ◽  
Generalized Reduced Gradient

This paper develops an inventory model for a deteriorating item with variable demand dependent on the selling price and frequency of advertisement of the item under the financial trade credit policy. Shortages are allowed and these are partially backlogged with a variable rate dependent on the duration of waiting time until to the arrival of next order. In this inventory model, the deterioration rate follows a three-parameter Weibull distribution. The corresponding inventory model is formulated and solved by using the well-known generalized reduced gradient method along with an algorithm. To validate the inventory model, two numerical examples are considered and solved. Finally, based on one numerical example, the impacts of different parameters are studied by a sensitivity analysis considering one parameter at a time and leaving the other parameters fixed.

scholarly journals An Inventory System for Deteriorating Products with Ramp-Type Demand Rate under Two-Level Trade Credit Financing

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Darzanou ◽  
K. Skouri
Keyword(s):  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Replenishment Policy ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
Ramp Type Demand

An inventory system for deteriorating products, with ramp-type demand rate, under two-level trade credit policy is considered. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal replenishment policy are provided, and an algorithm, for its determination, is proposed. Numerical examples highlight the obtained results, and sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters of the system is carried out.

scholarly journals Retailer’s Joint Ordering, Pricing, and Preservation Technology Investment Policies for a Deteriorating Item under Permissible Delay in Payments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umakanta Mishra ◽  
Jacobo Tijerina-Aguilera ◽  
Sunil Tiwari ◽  
Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payments ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Preservation Technology Investment ◽  
Delay In Payments

This article develops an inventory model for deteriorating items with controllable deterioration rate (by using preservation technology) under trade credit policy. As in practical scenarios the demand of an item is directly associated with its selling price, keeping this in mind, it is assumed to be a price dependent demand. The main objective of the inventory model is to determine jointly the optimal ordering, pricing, and preservation technology investment policies for retailer so that the total profit is maximized. The effects of key parameters on optimal solution are studied through a sensitivity analysis with the aim of examining the behavior of the inventory model with controllable deterioration under the permissible delay in payments.

scholarly journals Study of Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items With Exponential Demand Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Manik Mondal ◽  
Mohammed Forhad Uddin ◽  
Kazi Anowar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Bisection Method ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Linear Demand

This paper develops an inventory model for deteriorating items consisting the ordering cost, unit cost, opportunity cost, deterioration cost and shortage cost. In this inventory model instead of linear demand function nonlinear exponential function of time for deteriorating items with deterioration rate has been considered. The formulated model has numerically solved by bisection method. The effects of inflation and cash flow are also taken into account under a trade-credit policy of discount with time. In order to validate the model, numerical examples have been solved by bisection method using Matlab. Further, the sensitivity of different parameters is considered in order to estimate the cash flow.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 34 (2014) 89-100

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