Cranial Nerves Compression Syndromes

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Beneš ◽  
V. Masopust
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Compression Syndromes

Macrovascular Decompression of the Brainstem and Cranial Nerves: Evolution of an Anteromedial Vertebrobasilar Artery Transposition Technique

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Choudhri ◽  
Ian D. Connolly ◽  
Michael T. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽  
Far Lateral Approach ◽  
Far Lateral ◽  
Vascular Neurosurgery ◽  
Arterial Transposition ◽  
Compression Syndromes

Abstract BACKGROUND: Tortuous and dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar arteries can impinge on the brainstem and cranial nerves to cause compression syndromes. Transposition techniques are often required to decompress the brainstem with dolichoectatic pathology. We describe our evolution of an anteromedial transposition technique and its efficacy in decompressing the brainstem and relieving symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To present the anteromedial vertebrobasilar artery transposition technique for macrovascular decompression of the brainstem and cranial nerves. METHODS: All patients who underwent vertebrobasilar artery transposition were identified from the prospectively maintained database of the Vascular Neurosurgery service, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The extent of arterial displacement was measured pre- and postoperatively on imaging. RESULTS: Vertebrobasilar arterial transposition and macrovascular decompression was performed in 12 patients. Evolution in technique was characterized by gradual preference for the far-lateral approach, use of a sling technique with muslin wrap, and an anteromedial direction of pull on the vertebrobasilar artery with clip-assisted tethering to the clival dura. With this technique, mean lateral displacement decreased from 6.6 mm in the first half of the series to 3.8 mm in the last half of the series, and mean anterior displacement increased from 0.8 to 2.5 mm, with corresponding increases in satisfaction and relief of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Compressive dolichoectatic pathology directed laterally into cranial nerves and posteriorly into the brainstem can be corrected with anteromedial transposition towards the clivus. Our technique accomplishes this anteromedial transposition from an inferolateral surgical approach through the vagoaccessory triangle, with sling fixation to clival dura using aneurysm clips.

scholarly journals Vestibular Paroxysmia with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Simultaneous Occurrence of Two Compression Syndromes: A Rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Bhandari ◽  
Shivam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Vestibular Paroxysmia ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Compression Syndromes

AbstractNeurovascular compression syndromes are compression of cranial nerves by blood vessels leading to troublesome symptoms. They mostly occur due to a single vessel loop compression. Here, we report two rare cases with simultaneous fifth and eighth nerve compression by anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery loops together.

Human Neurofibromas in Co-Culture with Mouse Neurons

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
R.L. Martuza ◽  
T. Liszczak ◽  
A. Okun ◽  
T-Y Wang
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Acoustic Neuromas ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Multiple Abnormalities ◽  
Other Neoplasms

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1/3,000 births. The NF mutation causes multiple abnormalities of various cells of neural crest origin. Schwann cell tumors (neurofibromas, acoustic neuromas) are the most common feature of neurofibromatosis although meningiomas, gliomas, and other neoplasms may be seen. The schwann cell tumors commonly develop from the schwann cells associated with sensory or sympathetic nerves or their ganglia. Schwann cell tumors on ventral spinal roots or motor cranial nerves are much less common. Since the sensory neuron membrane is known to contain a mitogenic factor for schwann cells, we have postulated that neurofibromatosis may be due to an abnormal interaction between the nerve and the schwann cell and that this interaction may be hormonally modulated. To test this possibility a system has been developed in which an enriched schwannoma cell culture can be obtained and co-cultured with pure neurons.

Hemimegalencephaly: involvement of cranial nerves and intracranial vessels

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bosemani ◽  
E Boltshauser ◽  
M Staudt ◽  
L Flores-Sarnat ◽  
S Bürki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves

Malignant schwannoma of cranial nerves

Pathology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Robertson ◽  
M.G. Cook ◽  
D.F. Wilson ◽  
D.W. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Malignant Schwannoma

Full tractography for detecting the position of cranial nerves in preoperative planning for skull base surgery: technical note

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1642-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothee Jacquesson ◽  
Fang-Chang Yeh ◽  
Sandip Panesar ◽  
Jessica Barrios ◽  
Arnaud Attyé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Skull Base Tumor ◽  
Skull Base Tumors ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Human Connectome Project

OBJECTIVEDiffusion imaging tractography has allowed the in vivo description of brain white matter. One of its applications is preoperative planning for brain tumor resection. Due to a limited spatial and angular resolution, it is difficult for fiber tracking to delineate fiber crossing areas and small-scale structures, in particular brainstem tracts and cranial nerves. New methods are being developed but these involve extensive multistep tractography pipelines including the patient-specific design of multiple regions of interest (ROIs). The authors propose a new practical full tractography method that could be implemented in routine presurgical planning for skull base surgery.METHODSA Philips MRI machine provided diffusion-weighted and anatomical sequences for 2 healthy volunteers and 2 skull base tumor patients. Tractography of the full brainstem, the cerebellum, and cranial nerves was performed using the software DSI Studio, generalized-q-sampling reconstruction, orientation distribution function (ODF) of fibers, and a quantitative anisotropy–based generalized deterministic algorithm. No ROI or extensive manual filtering of spurious fibers was used. Tractography rendering was displayed in a tridimensional space with directional color code. This approach was also tested on diffusion data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database.RESULTSThe brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cisternal segments of most cranial nerves were depicted in all participants. In cases of skull base tumors, the tridimensional rendering permitted the visualization of the whole anatomical environment and cranial nerve displacement, thus helping the surgical strategy.CONCLUSIONSAs opposed to classical ROI-based methods, this novel full tractography approach could enable routine enhanced surgical planning or brain imaging for skull base tumors.

Microsurgical resection of a glioblastoma multiforme of the medulla oblongata with intraoperative subcortical stimulation and mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. V1
Author(s):  
Sima Sayyahmelli ◽  
Jian Ruan ◽  
Bryan Wheeler ◽  
Mustafa K. Başkaya
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Surgical Video ◽  
Inferior Aspect ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Microsurgical Resection

Primary glioblastoma multiforme tumors of the medulla oblongata are rare, especially in the adult population. Perhaps due to this rarity, we are not aware of any previous reports addressing the resection of these tumors or their clinical outcomes.In this surgical video, we present a 43-year-old man with a 1-month history of left-sided paresthesia. The paresthesia initiated in the left hand, along with weakness and reduced fine motor control, and then spread to the entire left side of the body. He had recent weight loss, imbalance, difficulty in swallowing, and hoarseness in his voice. He also had a diminished gag reflex, and significant atrophy of the right side of the tongue with an accompanying deviation of the uvula and fasciculations of the tongue. MRI showed an infiltrative expansile mass within the medulla with peripheral enhancement and central necrosis. In T2/FLAIR sequences, a hyperintense signal extended superiorly into the left inferior aspect of the pons and left inferior cerebellar peduncle and inferiorly into the upper cervical cord.The decision was made to proceed with surgical resection. The patient underwent a midline suboccipital craniotomy with C1 laminectomy for surgical resection of this infiltrative expansile intrinsic mass in the medulla oblongata, with concurrent monitoring of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials and monitoring of lower cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. A gross-total resection of the enhancing portion of the tumor was performed, along with a subtotal resection of the nonenhancing portion. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful. Histopathology revealed a grade IV astrocytoma. The patient received radiation therapy.In this surgical video, we demonstrate important steps for the microsurgical resection of this challenging glioblastoma multiforme of the medulla oblongata.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/QHbOVxdxbeU.

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