Obstruction of the Common Duct among 1000 Operations upon the Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts

1925 ◽  
Vol 193 (21) ◽  
pp. 968-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. TRUESDALE
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF GALL-BLADDER INFECTIONS IN TYPHOID, CHOLERA, AND DYSENTERY

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prevention And Cure

1. The theory of the production of gall-bladder lesions in typhoid, by descending infection of the bile from the liver receives support from investigations with the common duct fistula method in the rabbit. More bacilli appear in the bile with increased doses and more gall-bladder infections are obtained by increased doses. More bacilli appear in the bile after mesenteric vein injection than after ear vein injection and more lesions result under the first condition. More bacilli appear in the bile after injection of the same dose in immunized animals than in normal animals and more lesions also result in immunized animals. In cholera and dysentery the same mechanism is suggested with the additional factor of a portal system septicemia. 2. After the appearance of microorganisms in rabbit bile, their fate is apparently largely determined by the antiseptic properties of the bile. 100 per cent infections cannot be secured by intravenous doses large enough to insure the presence of microorganisms in the bile. Rabbit bile in vitro may be antiseptic to the microorganisms considered. The antiseptic action is largely due to its alkalinity. It is apparently possible to protect the rabbit to some degree against gall-bladder infection by a previous injection of sodium bicarbonate. 3. Alkaline therapy is suggested in the prevention and cure of gall-bladder carriers.

EFFECT OF LIGATION OF THE COMMON DUCT ON THE RADIOIODINE UPTAKE BY THE THYROID OF RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
A. W. Mooney ◽  
H. A. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Tracer Dose ◽  
The Common

The enterohepatic circulation of radioiodine in rats was interrupted by the ligation of the common bile duct. Significant reduction in the radioactivity of the thyroids was noted in rats following ligation of the common duct and administration of radioiodine per os. In all animals on which operations were performed radioactivity of the liver was increased. The rate of excretion of radioactive bile in rats with cannulated bile ducts was also investigated. The importance of hepatobiliary factors in the process of utilization of tracer dose of radioiodine is briefly discussed. The possibility of alterations in radioiodine uptake in man with disturbed liver function is emphasized.

scholarly journals ON THE EXPULSION OF BILE BY THE GALL BLADDER; AND A RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SPHINCTER ACTIVITY

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. McMaster ◽  
Robert Elman
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pressure Resistance ◽  
The One ◽  
Considerable Pressure

After feeding a dog, forceful contractions of the gall bladder occur that are sufficient in strength to expel part of the contents of the viscus against a considerable pressure resistance. The pressure within the gall bladder of a healthy, unanesthetized dog fasted 24 to 48 hours is usually about equal to a column of bile 100 mm. high. After a few swallows of food there is a rapid increase in the pressure to more than 200 mm. with a gradual fall in it again, and repeated similar rises and falls occur thereafter. The gall bladder contractions responsible for these alterations are accompanied by a lessening in the resistance to the passage of bile to the intestine, a resistance which is maintained by the muscles at the lower end of the common duct. There would appear to be a reciprocal response on the part of the two structures to the one stimulus. The maximum pressure developing within the temporarily obstructed biliary tract in an animal with the gall bladder excluded about equals that of a column of bile slightly more than 300 mm. in height. The taking of food acts as a stimulus on the rate of bile secretion, but does not alter the maximum secretion pressure. When the gall bladder is connected with the duct system, obstruction does not lead until after some hours to the development of a pressure of more than 100 to 150 mm. within the biliary tract,—that is to say the pressure does not rise above the normal. Its failure to rise further is referable to the activity of the gall bladder to store and concentrate the bile as secreted. The physiological and clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

EFFECT OF LIGATION OF THE COMMON DUCT ON THE RADIOIODINE UPTAKE BY THE THYROID OF RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
A. W. Mooney ◽  
H. A. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Tracer Dose ◽  
The Common

The enterohepatic circulation of radioiodine in rats was interrupted by the ligation of the common bile duct. Significant reduction in the radioactivity of the thyroids was noted in rats following ligation of the common duct and administration of radioiodine per os. In all animals on which operations were performed radioactivity of the liver was increased. The rate of excretion of radioactive bile in rats with cannulated bile ducts was also investigated. The importance of hepatobiliary factors in the process of utilization of tracer dose of radioiodine is briefly discussed. The possibility of alterations in radioiodine uptake in man with disturbed liver function is emphasized.

scholarly journals Additions to an account of the anatomy of the Squalus maximus , contained in a former paper; with observations on the structure of the bronchial artery

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 471-472
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Bronchial Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Cavity

The author observes, that with respect to his former description of the external parts, he has no addition to make, excepting that, from the position of the fish at the time when it was drawn, a small fin was omitted between the anus and tail; which, however, is so far important, that some persons have on this ground imagined that the fish described was a different species of Squalus. Of the internal parts, the stomach is now described, and a delineation given. The liver has six ducts; but these unite, before they enter the duodenum, in one common cavity, which corresponds to the dilatation of the common duct in those quadrupeds that have no gall-bladder.

scholarly journals On the X-ray Diagnosis of Gallstones in the Common Duct

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. e5-e8
Author(s):  
M. Simon ◽  
M. D. Stockholm
Keyword(s):  
Common Duct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Common
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