Do Post-Hatching Factors Limit Clutch Size in the Cape BArren Goose, Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham?

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Pellis ◽  
VC Pellis
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour ◽  
The Cost

The vigilance behaviour of geese was measured by the amount of time per day they spent with their heads raised, and also by the frequency with which they interrupted feeding to look up. Goslings were vulnerable to predation in the first 4 weeks after hatching. The adults' vigilance behaviour was higher during the 4 weeks after hatching than later, and this reduced the amount of time they spent feeding. It is argued that brood size and the adults' ability to protect the young are inversely related, and that larger broods, for this reason, raise the cost of reproduction. These factors are considered as posthatching limitations on clutch size.

Increase of parental effort in experimentally enlarged broods of Pallid Swifts

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cucco ◽  
Giorgio Malacarne
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Brooding Period ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Cost

Variation in parental effort of Pallid Swifts (Apus pallidus) was investigated for 3 years in a colony in northwestern Italy. The masses of adults and of bolus loads brought to chicks were monitored by electronic balances inserted under nests, and feeding rates were monitored by video cameras. Fluctuations in daily food availability were measured with an insect-suction trap. Manipulation experiments on broods originally consisting of three chicks were performed to increase (four chicks) or reduce (two chicks) adult effort, with the aim of determining if parents tend to allocate food primarily to themselves or to their offspring, and if mass loss in adults results from reproductive stress or from adaptive programmed anorexia. With the enlargement of brood size, mean bolus mass remained constant, but the visitation rate increased significantly. Daily food abundance did not influence the amount of food allocated to chicks (neither time spent foraging nor the bolus mass changed), but positively influenced the mass of adults, which showed large daily variations. These results indicate that parents tend to invest constantly in offspring, at their own expense when food is scarce. Our data lend support to the cost of reproduction hypothesis instead of adaptive anorexia, since adults lose mass mainly in the brooding period, when demand is highest, and always regain mass when prey availability is greater.

Clutch Size Variation of Birds in Relation to Nest Predation: On the Cost of Reproduction

10.2307/4669 ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Slagsvold
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
The Cost

Brood size manipulation reveals cost on the size of the second clutch in the earwig Anisolabis maritime

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Seizi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Brood Size Manipulation ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
The Cost

Abstract There may be a trade-off between the duration of parental care and future reproductive success. Traditionally, studies about the cost of parental care have included the removal of the parent. However, producing a secondary clutch after the failure of the first one is a compensatory behaviour that occurs in cases of brood failure. In this study, attempts were made to detect the cost of maternal care in the earwig, Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) by either extending the period of care or increasing the brood size to prevent compensation through the brood’s success. The results indicated that manipulation did not change the inter-clutch interval, although my previous study revealed shortening of these intervals after the removal of the clutch in this species. In this study, decreased clutch size manipulation increased the size of the following clutch.

MEASURING THE COST OF REPRODUCTION: A COMMENT ON PAPERS BY BELL

Evolution ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Reznick ◽  
Elgin Perry ◽  
Joseph Travis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
The Cost
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