Evolutionarily conserved shelterin complex is essential for telomere maintenance in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Elimination of the fission yeast shelterin subunit Ccq1 causes progressive loss of telomeres due to the inability to recruit telomerase, activates the DNA damage checkpoint, and loses heterochromatin at telomere/subtelomere regions due to reduced recruitment of the heterochromatin regulator complex Snf2/histone deacetylase–containing repressor complex (SHREC). The shelterin subunit Tpz1TPP1 directly interacts with Ccq1 through conserved C-terminal residues in Tpz1TPP1, and tpz1 mutants that fail to interact with Ccq1 show telomere shortening, checkpoint activation, and loss of heterochromatin. While we have previously concluded that Ccq1-Tpz1TPP1 interaction contributes to Ccq1 accumulation and telomerase recruitment based on analysis of tpz1 mutants that fail to interact with Ccq1, another study reported that loss of Ccq1-Tpz1TPP1 interaction does not affect accumulation of Ccq1 or telomerase. Furthermore, it remained unclear whether loss of Ccq1-Tpz1TPP1 interaction affects SHREC accumulation at telomeres. To resolve these issues, we identified and characterized a series of ccq1 mutations that disrupt Ccq1-Tpz1TPP1 interaction. Characterization of these ccq1 mutants established that Ccq1-Tpz1TPP1 interaction contributes to optimal binding of the Ccq1-SHREC complex, and is critical for Rad3ATR/Tel1ATM-dependent Ccq1 Thr93 phosphorylation and telomerase recruitment.
Purification and characterization of human DNA damage checkpoint Rad complexes
