Size Constancy Scaling and the Apparent Thickness of the Shaft in the Mueller-Lyer Illusion

1977 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Lester
Keyword(s):  
Size Constancy ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Apparent Thickness ◽  
Constancy Scaling

Susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer Illusion and its Relationship to Differences in Size Constancy

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Direct Test ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Constancy Scaling

The hypothesis that susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer illusion is the result of normal constancy scaling, misapplied, was submitted to direct test. No significant correlations between illusion error and size constancy estimates were obtained. Also invalidated were hypotheses that under-constancy is correlated with non-susceptibility to the illusion, and that over-constancy is correlated with greater illusion error. The results suggest that an approach to the explanation of illusion effects by means of analysing individual differences in size constancy, in intelligence and preferred “perceptual style,” might be fruitful. Some tentative suggestions are made concerning the role of perceptual inference, abstraction and analysing.

Triangles and Squares Look Smaller Than They are: Some New Illusions of Extent

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Scaling Hypothesis ◽  
Constancy Scaling ◽  
Configurations Of Lines

Some new illusions of extent are described, and they are discussed in relation to the Müller-Lyer illusion and the constancy-scaling hypothesis. It is concluded that they support a minimal version of this hypothesis in which certain configurations of lines cause changes in local scale in certain directions, independently of whether or not these configurations are incorporated in larger patterns in a way which supports and receives a depth interpretation.

Depth Location of Shafts Filling Half the Space between Mueller-Lyer Fins

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Stacey ◽  
A. R. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Dark Room

Using luminous stimuli in a dark room, Ss were required to judge the apparent depth location of shafts filling half the space between the ingoing and outgoing fins of the Mueller-Lyer illusion. Under these conditions there is a reversal of the apparent depth location of the shafts as compared with the usual M-L illusion. This finding is contrary to a prediction derived from the misapplied size-constancy theory but can be interpreted in terms of the size-distance principle.

Effects of Training in Design on Magnitude of the Müller-Lyer Illusion

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E. Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Image ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Distant Object ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Optometry Students

The Müller-Lyer illusion was measured for 10 design and 10 optometry students. The illusion was smaller for design students and they improved significantly with practice. The results are discussed in relation to size-constancy, according to which part of the figure corresponding to a distant object is overestimated and to the aptitude of design students to draw according to their retinal image.

Apparent Depth and the Müller—Lyer Illusion

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Georgeson ◽  
C Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Perspective View ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Classical Size

The Müller–Lyer illusion was presented stereoscopically as either a flat or a three-dimensional figure. When the flat figure was made to appear closer or further than a comparison line, the illusion persisted along with large changes in overall size due to classical size constancy. When the fins of the figure were tilted in depth the illusion was somewhat reduced for both forward and backward tilts. It is argued that the size-constancy theory of illusions should predict an enhancement when stereopsis and the typical perspective view' reinforce each other, and abolition or reversal of the illusion when they are in opposition. These results therefore pose some problems for the theory.

The Cylinder Configuration: When is a Distortion an Illusion?

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Perceptual System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Direct Association

A figure with one end rounded and the other concluding in an ellipse (the ‘cylinder configuration’) may appear longer than a rectangle of the same true length. It is proposed that when this configuration is processed as a three-dimensional body, it provides a cue for object orientation which causes the perceptual system to make an adjustment in the direction appropriate for maintaining size constancy. This effect may be considered a normal perceptual adjustment, appropriately applied. When the cylinder configuration is embedded in a context which does not favour its being processed as three-dimensional, a weaker adjustment in length may still occur. It is suggested that this effect, which may properly be classified as an illusion, may arise through direct association of the critical pattern of lines with the process of lengthening produced by the size-constancy mechanisms. Some relations of the present configuration to the Müller-Lyer illusion, and implications for the latter, are also discussed.

Test of Gregory's Constancy Scaling Explanation of the Müller–Lyer Illusion

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 227 (5259) ◽  
pp. 733-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARRISON WAITE ◽  
DOMINIC W. MASSARO
Keyword(s):  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Constancy Scaling
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