Learning to See Hate Crimes: A Framework for Understanding and Clarifying Ambiguities in Bias Crime Classification

Author(s):  
James J. Nolan III ◽  
Jack McDevitt ◽  
Shea Cronin ◽  
Amy Farrell
2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482098384
Author(s):  
Zachary T. Malcom ◽  
Brendan Lantz

Prior research has suggested that hate crimes hurt more, in that they are more physically severe than other crimes. A separate body of research has focused on the role of weapons in exacerbating violence; yet, no research has considered the role of weapon use in bias crime victimization. Following this, this research examines the relationship between weapon use, bias motivation, and victimization in the United States. On one hand, weapons may play an important role in hate crime by exacerbating violence. On the other hand, weapons may be unnecessary for facilitating hate crime violence, given the animus associated with bias motivation. Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we find that bias crimes are both (a) less likely than nonbias crimes to involve weapons and (b) more likely than nonbias crimes to involve serious or lethal victim injury. These patterns are particularly pronounced for antisexual orientation hate crimes.


Criminology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Addington

The term “hate crime” is relatively new; it was coined in the mid-1980s to identify crimes motivated by bias against the victim’s actual or perceived membership in a status group such as a particular race or religion (Jacobs and Potter 1998, in Issues with Criminalizing Hate Crime). Although the term itself is new, the fact that some crimes are motivated by bias against a particular group is not (Petrosino 1999, in Issues with Criminalizing Hate Crime). Initial research on this modern categorization of hate crimes focused on the difficulty in defining hate crimes and the criminal justice response to these new crimes, a smaller body of research has examined those who commit hate crimes as well as hate crimes in a comparative or international context. In this area, some researchers prefer the term “bias crime” as they believe it more accurately captures the motivations of the offender. Both terms are used interchangeably in this entry.


2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Herek ◽  
J. R. Gillis ◽  
J. C. Cogan
Keyword(s):  

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