scholarly journals Dual effects of ‘losses disguised as wins’ and near-misses in a slot machine game

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sharman ◽  
Michael RF Aitken ◽  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Losses Disguised As Wins

scholarly journals The maximum rewards at the minimum price: Reinforcement rates and payback percentages in multi-line slot machines

2011 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Harrigan ◽  
Michael Dixon ◽  
Vance MacLaren ◽  
Karen Collins ◽  
Jonathan Fugelsang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Reinforcement Rate ◽  
Slot Machine ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Losses Disguised As Wins ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
Machine Games ◽  
Payback Percentage

Past research has shown that gamblers frequently use the mini-max strategy in multi-line slot machines, whereby the player places the minimum bet on the maximum number of lines. Through a detailed analysis and explanation of the design of multi-line slot machine games, we show that when using the mini-max strategy, the payback percentage remains unchanged, yet the reinforcement rate is significantly increased. This increase in reinforcement rate is mainly due to spins in which the amount won is less than the amount wagered, which we call losses disguised as wins. We have verified these conclusions by playing an actual slot machine game for 10,000 spins and recording the results. We believe that the high reinforcement rate that results from playing multiple lines on games of this type contributes to their potential addictiveness. We provide three theories for why players use the mini-max strategy and suggest further areas of research.

A Psychophysiological and Behavioural Study of Slot Machine Near-Misses Using Immersive Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Detez ◽  
Lisa-Marie Greenwood ◽  
Rebecca Segrave ◽  
Elliott Wilson ◽  
Thomas Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Slot Machine ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Behavioural Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Losses Disguised as Wins and Near Misses in Electronic Gaming Machines: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Barton ◽  
Y. Yazdani ◽  
N. Ayer ◽  
S. Kalvapalle ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electronic Gaming Machines ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Losses Disguised As Wins ◽  
Gaming Machines

THE ROLE OF NEAR-MISSES OUTCOMES AND INHIBITION LINKED TO PERSISTENCE IN A SIMULATED SLOT MACHINE TASK

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Gaetan Devos ◽  
L. Clark ◽  
P. Maurage ◽  
M. Kazimierczuk ◽  
J. Billieux
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses

scholarly journals SY38-4 * THE ROLE OF NEAR-MISSES OUTCOMES AND INHIBITION LINKED TO PERSISTENCE IN A SIMULATED SLOT MACHINE TASK

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i32-i33
Author(s):  
G. Devos ◽  
L. Clark ◽  
P. Maurage ◽  
M. Kazimierczuk ◽  
J. Billieux
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses

scholarly journals Near-Misses and Stop Buttons in Slot Machine Play: An Investigation of How They Affect Players, and May Foster Erroneous Cognitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Chanel J. Larche ◽  
Madison Stange ◽  
Candice Graydon ◽  
Jonathan A. Fugelsang
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Erroneous Cognitions

Psychophysiological arousal signatures of near-misses in slot machine play

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Kevin A. Harrigan ◽  
Michelle Jarick ◽  
Vance MacLaren ◽  
Jonathan A. Fugelsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Psychophysiological Arousal

The Frustrating Effects of Just Missing the Jackpot: Slot Machine Near-Misses Trigger Large Skin Conductance Responses, But No Post-reinforcement Pauses

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Vance MacLaren ◽  
Michelle Jarick ◽  
Jonathan A. Fugelsang ◽  
Kevin A. Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Slot Machine ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Large Skin
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