Percutaneous absorption of PCBs from soil: In vivo rhesus monkey, in vitro human skin, and binding to powdered human stratum corneum

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach ◽  
Lena Sedik ◽  
Joseph Melendres ◽  
Michael Wade
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Percutaneous Absorption ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum

Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Dilution

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.

Percutaneous absorption and skin decontamination of PCBS: In vitro studies with human skin and in vivo studies in the rhesus monkey

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach ◽  
Daniel A. W. Bucks ◽  
James McMaster ◽  
Mohammad Mobayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Percutaneous Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Skin Decontamination

scholarly journals The Effect of in Vivo Occlusion on Human Stratum Corneum Hydration-Dehydration in Vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Anderson ◽  
Jean M. Cassidy ◽  
John R. Hansen ◽  
Wilbur Yellin
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration

scholarly journals Cosmetotextiles with Gallic Acid: Skin Reservoir Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meritxell Martí ◽  
Cristina Alonso ◽  
Vanessa Martínez ◽  
Manel Lis ◽  
Alfons de la Maza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Percutaneous Absorption ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Skin Reservoir

The antioxidant gallic acid (GA) has been incorporated into cotton (CO) and polyamide (PA) through two different vehicles, that is, liposomes and mixed micelles, and their respective absorption/desorption processes have been studied. Moreover, in vitro percutaneous absorption tests of different cosmetotextiles have been performed to demonstrate antioxidant penetration within the layers of the skin. When GA was embedded into the cosmetotextiles, it always promoted a reservoir effect that was much more marked than that observed for polyamide. Similar penetration was observed in the textiles treated with GA in mixed micelles or liposomes in such compartments of the skin as the stratum corneum, epidermis, and even the dermis. GA was detected in receptor fluid only when CO was treated with MM. This methodology may be useful in verifying how encapsulated substances incorporated into textile materials penetrate human skin. Indeed, such materials can be considered strategic delivery systems that release a given active compound into the skin at specific doses.

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