scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Chlorpyrifos on Established Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-357
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 340 ml of water/30 ft2 or delivering 2 gal (1000 ft2). At treatment time (2 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 79° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 90° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 82° F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.75-1.5 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 33.5% sand, 48.3% silt, 18.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 9.5%; organic matter, 6.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.9; application time, late afternoon; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates: 8, 17, 30 Aug). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue in Somerset, PA. Treatment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 73%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 34.4% sand, 48.7% silt, 16.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 24.1%; organic matter, 5.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late morning; and overcast skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 6 DAT (6 Aug) and 14 DAT (14 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Imidacloprid and Carbaryl on Es-Tablished Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 79° F; RH, 61.0%; amount of thatch, 0.5-1.0 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 28.8% sand, 50.4% silt, 20.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.5%; organic matter, 7.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, early evening; and sunny skies. Immediately after treatment the area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates, Aug 17 and Aug 30). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate. The total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Management of Scarab White Grubs with Single and Split Applications of Bifenthrin 0.3% ME, Oftanol 21, Dursban Pro, and Dylox 6.2G on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Application Time ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primar ily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, PA. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granulai formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and top dressing sand was added to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 oi delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (5 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 72°F; RH, 79%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis; % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5; % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 28.8% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.18 inch followed by 0.20 inch of rainfall. At the 2nd treatment time (19 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5: % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 34.5% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated in with 5 gal of water/48 ft2 with a hand-held sprinkling can. Post-treatment counts were made on 4 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Management of Scarab White Grubs with Formulations of RH-0345, Imidacloprid, and Trichlorfon on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fine Fescue

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, Pa. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (28 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 94.0%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 25.2; % silt, 59.7; % clay, 15.1; organic matter, 3.8%; 26.2% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.20 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 1 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Spring Management of Adult Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-364
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The field plot consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%) and creeping bentgrass (70%) in Easton, PA. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 682 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At the treatment time (13 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 54°F; temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 58°F; RH, 45%; amount of thatch, 0.5 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 24.8% sand, 51.9% silt, 23.3% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.3; application time, late-morning; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 20 May. BTA control was evaluated by randomly placing two 14-inch filtration rings in each replicate, filling them with soapy water, and counting the total number of adult black turfgrass ataenius floating to the surface.

scholarly journals Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug With Scimitar And Merit At The Valentine Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995:

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with blank granules to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (19 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 60° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72.0° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66.0° F; RH, 69%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 19.0% sand, 57.0% silt, 24.0% clay; organic matter, 4.0%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; application time, mid-afternoon; and skies were partly cloudy. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made 40 (28 Jun) and 45 (3 Jul) DAT. Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dursban, Sevin, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (22 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 54%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, loamy sand to sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 74.8% sand, 20.5% silt, 4.7% clay; organic matter, 23.8%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 40.2; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.2; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 3 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Conventional and Experimental Formulations on Turfgrass in Wayne Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (23 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 37.0% sand, 45.0% silt, 18.0% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.6; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.1; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 49 DAT (11 Oct). Japanese beetle grub control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of grubs were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch diam cup cutter.

scholarly journals Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Formulations of Dylox, Oftanol, and Turcam on a Golf Fairway in Centre County, Pa, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (20%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (40%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO, compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 74°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 72°F; RH, 76%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 43.6% sand, 36.4% silt, 20.0% clay; organic matter, 7.6%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.3%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.6; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.2 inches of water. Three hours prior to treatment the area received 0.3 inches of natural rainfall. Posttreatment counts were completed on 28 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug with Merit 75Wsp and Vector Tl at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pa, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker ◽  
C. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 6 × 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Two ft untreated barriers were placed between each treatment replicate. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66°F; RH, 80%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 16.0% sand, 54.2% silt, 29.8% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.7%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.9; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 30 DAT (30 Jun). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larva, pupa, adult) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter. Billbug feeding damage rating was recorded on 12 Jul. Each 54 ft2 replicate was rated by determining larval feeding damage based on color ratings.\

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