scholarly journals Spring Management of Adult Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-364
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The field plot consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%) and creeping bentgrass (70%) in Easton, PA. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 682 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At the treatment time (13 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 54°F; temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 58°F; RH, 45%; amount of thatch, 0.5 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 24.8% sand, 51.9% silt, 23.3% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.3; application time, late-morning; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 20 May. BTA control was evaluated by randomly placing two 14-inch filtration rings in each replicate, filling them with soapy water, and counting the total number of adult black turfgrass ataenius floating to the surface.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Chlorpyrifos on Established Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-357
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 340 ml of water/30 ft2 or delivering 2 gal (1000 ft2). At treatment time (2 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 79° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 90° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 82° F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.75-1.5 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 33.5% sand, 48.3% silt, 18.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 9.5%; organic matter, 6.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.9; application time, late afternoon; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates: 8, 17, 30 Aug). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug With Scimitar And Merit At The Valentine Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995:

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with blank granules to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (19 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 60° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72.0° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66.0° F; RH, 69%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 19.0% sand, 57.0% silt, 24.0% clay; organic matter, 4.0%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; application time, mid-afternoon; and skies were partly cloudy. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made 40 (28 Jun) and 45 (3 Jul) DAT. Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.

scholarly journals Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Conventional and Experimental Formulations on Turfgrass in Wayne Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (23 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 37.0% sand, 45.0% silt, 18.0% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.6; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.1; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 49 DAT (11 Oct). Japanese beetle grub control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of grubs were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch diam cup cutter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Wayne, Penn-Sylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-336
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Observation Interval ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Green June Beetle

Abstract The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (6 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 77°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 78°F; RH, 74%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt-loam; soil particle size analysis: 32.1% sand, 53.8% silt, 14.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dried), 31.1%; organic matter, 8.3%; water pH, 6.5; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late-morning; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made on 6 Sep. The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows was recorded from each replicate (54 ft2) as well as the total number of green June beetle larvae flushed to the surface following an application of Sevin 80WSP over a 24 hr observation interval.

scholarly journals Management of Scarab White Grubs with Single and Split Applications of Bifenthrin 0.3% ME, Oftanol 21, Dursban Pro, and Dylox 6.2G on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Application Time ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primar ily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, PA. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granulai formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and top dressing sand was added to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 oi delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (5 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 72°F; RH, 79%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis; % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5; % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 28.8% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.18 inch followed by 0.20 inch of rainfall. At the 2nd treatment time (19 Sep), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 14.6; % silt, 59.5: % clay, 25.9; organic matter, 3.3%; 34.5% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated in with 5 gal of water/48 ft2 with a hand-held sprinkling can. Post-treatment counts were made on 4 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Management of Scarab White Grubs with Formulations of RH-0345, Imidacloprid, and Trichlorfon on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fine Fescue

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, Pa. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (28 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 94.0%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 25.2; % silt, 59.7; % clay, 15.1; organic matter, 3.8%; 26.2% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.20 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 1 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue in Somerset, PA. Treatment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 73%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 34.4% sand, 48.7% silt, 16.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 24.1%; organic matter, 5.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late morning; and overcast skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 6 DAT (6 Aug) and 14 DAT (14 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit 75Wsp for Extended Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8O02VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (14 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 70°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 73.9% sand, 21.0% silt, 5.1% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31.6%; organic matter, 5.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, mid morning; and clear skies. The area received 0.2 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment (14 Jun). Efficacy data was recorded on nine sampling dates (23 Jun, 30 Jun, 7 Jul, 14 Jul, 28 Jul, 11 Aug, 23 Aug, 8 Sep, 13 Sep) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Imidacloprid and Carbaryl on Es-Tablished Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-356
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with fine top dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 79° F; RH, 61.0%; amount of thatch, 0.5-1.0 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 28.8% sand, 50.4% silt, 20.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.5%; organic matter, 7.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, early evening; and sunny skies. Immediately after treatment the area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates, Aug 17 and Aug 30). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate. The total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center. University Park, Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Dursban formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2) Insecticidal soap and combination insecticidal soap plus Dursban treatments were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJei nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.145 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at I inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch. 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic mattei. 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 7.5 h after treatment. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul and 22 Jul.

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