scholarly journals Labia Minora, Labia Majora, and Clitoral Hood Alteration: Experience-Based Recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Hunter
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Frojo ◽  
Aurora M Kareh ◽  
Kenneth X Probst ◽  
Jeffrey D Rector ◽  
Christina M Plikaitis ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Despite existing anthropometric data in the literature regarding the variation of female external genital anatomy, the ideal aesthetic characteristics have yet to be defined. Objectives Authors used crowdsourcing in order to better evaluate preferred anatomic characteristics of external female genitalia. Methods Fifty-six total images were digitally created by altering the proportions of the labia minora, labia majora, and clitoral hood. Images with differing ratios were presented in pairs to Amazon Mechanical Turk (Seattle, WA, USA) raters. Three different experiments were performed with each varying two of the three image characteristics to permit two factor modeling. The Bradley-Terry-Luce model was applied to the pairwise comparisons ratings to create a rank order for each image. Preferences for each anatomic variable were compared using chi-squared tests. Results A total of 5000 raters participated. Experiment 1 compared differing widths of the labia majora and labia minora and determined a significant preference for larger labia majora width and mid-range labia minora width (p=0.007). Experiment 2 compared labia minora width versus clitoral hood length and showed a statistically significant preference for wider majoras (p<.001), but no significant preference in clitoral hood length (p=0.54). Experiment 3 compared clitoral hood length versus labia minora width and showed a statistically significant preference for mid-range labia minora widths (p<.001) but no significant preference in clitoral hood length (p=0.78). Conclusions Raters preferred a labia majora to labia minora width ratio of 3:1 with minimal preference in clitoral hood length.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398
Author(s):  
Awan Nurtjahyo ◽  
Asep Nurul Huda ◽  
A. Abadi ◽  
Aditiawati ◽  
Yulisnawati H ◽  
...  

Background. Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a congenital disorder associated with interference in chromosomes, gonads, or sexes anatomically. Individual affected with DSD can be recognized since birth due to external genital ambiguity. Sexual chromosome DSD occurred because sexual chromosome numeric or structural disorder. Mosaic karyotype 45X/46XY is among the rare sexual chromosome DSD with incidence less than 1:15,000 live births. DSD individuals are susceptible to stigmatization. This can cause stress, negative emotion, and social isolation. Therefore, DSD individual management should be done as optimal as possible. Case Presentation: Twelve years old girl complaining a bump arose from anterior side of her genital resembles male genital since 4 years prior to admission without micturition and defecation complains. Patient has not experienced menarche. On external genital examination, we found the normal female external genital such as mons pubis, pubic hair, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, perineum, but without clitoris which in this case it is replaced by a glans of penis, arising from  anterior commissure of labia majora area, with an urethral estuary. Before the management is done, patient underwent multidiscipline consultations and further examinations. Subsequently, it was approved that the joint conference formation consisting obstetric and gynecology, urologist, and pediatric endocrinologist to determine the optimal management for the patient. Conclusion: In this case, diagnosis was made with history taking, clinical examination, and supporting investigation such as ultrasound imaging and could be followed by biochemistry test, voiding cystourethrography or genitogram to determine next management. Counseling should be done in detail towards the family to know what action is best for the patient. Multidiscipline team was required to get the optimum result either in medical, ethical, or religious point of view. Surgery in this case was considered followed by long term therapy afterwards.


2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e55-e57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonore M. Wehmeijer ◽  
J. Joris Hage ◽  
Barbara Eberz ◽  
Marc van Beurden

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Karabağlı ◽  
Emre Atacan Kocman ◽  
Melih Velipaşaoğlu ◽  
Aydan A. Kose ◽  
Sezi Ceylan ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hersant ◽  
Samer Jabbour ◽  
Warren Noel ◽  
Laurent Benadiba ◽  
Simone La Padula ◽  
...  
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