Abstract
Background/Introduction
Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and combined systolic-diastolic hypertension (CH) are related with increased cardiovascular risk, while new-onset diabetes mellitus (NOD) is linked with atherosclerosis progression.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare the predictive role of ISH and CH for the incidence of NOD in a cohort of essential hypertensive patients.
Methods
We followed up 1435 non-diabetic essential hypertensives with office systolic blood pressure (BP)≥140 mmHg [mean age 57 years, 730 males, office BP=153/92 mmHg] for a mean period of 8 years. All subjects had at least one annual visit and at baseline underwent echocardiographic study and blood sampling for estimation of metabolic profile. Patients with baseline ISH exhibited office systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and office diastolic BP <90 mmHg, while those with CH had office systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and office diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg. Moreover, NOD was defined if at one or more of the follow-up visits a previously non-diabetic patient reported being on insulin or an oral hypoglycemic drug or if casual plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dl or fasting glucose concentration ≥126 mg/dl or 2-h post load glucose ≥200 mg/dl during an oral glucose tolerance test.
Results
The incidence of NOD over the follow-up period was 4.2% (n=60). Patients with ISH (n=460) compared to those with CH (n=975) were older (65±11 vs 54±10 years, p<0.0001), had at baseline lower waist circumference (94.5±11 vs 99±13 cm, p<0.0001), office systolic BP (149±12 vs 155±13 mmHg, p<0.0001), office diastolic BP (80±8 vs 98±6 mmHg, p<0.0001), while did not differ regarding left ventricular mass index, glucose and lipid levels (p=NS for all). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that baseline ISH (hazard ratio=2.143, p=0.016) and CH (hazard ratio=1.272, p=0.029) predicted NOD. However, in multivariate Cox regression model, age (hazard ratio=1.039, p<0.001), baseline glucose levels (hazard ratio 1.011, p=0.016), waist circumference (hazard ratio=1.067, p<0.001) and ISH (hazard ratio=1.651, p=0.029) but not CH turned out to be independent predictors of NOD.
Conclusions
In essential hypertensive patients, ISH but not CH exhibits independent prognostic value for NOD. These findings support that ISH constitutes a hypertensive phenotype of increased metabolic risk needing careful evaluation and treatment.
P4450Isolated systolic hypertension versus combined systolic-diastolic hypertension as predictors of new-onset diabetes mellitus: Data from a Greek 8-year-follow-up study
