Analysis of Alternative Food Sources for Rearing Entomological Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410
Author(s):  
Lauren M Weidner ◽  
Gregory Nigoghosian ◽  
Caroline G Hanau ◽  
David E Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Alternative Food Sources ◽  
Crime Laboratories

Abstract Forensic entomology is a well-established tool for evaluating the death, or abuse, of a person. Insect evidence provides valuable information as related to time of colonization and movement of remains from one location to another. Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are commonly found on human remains throughout most stages of decomposition, and when entomological evidence is collected these taxa tend to be the most numerous. However, very few crime laboratories across the country have collection and rearing protocols for these forensically important insects. A lack of knowledge in collection techniques and limited access to an appropriate food source are the main reasons for absence in adequate collection and rearing protocols. Thus, when crime scene investigators or pathologists collect insects, they are often mishandled (e.g., placed into containers with no air holes, no food, or a food source that is not sustainable for their development). To address this issue, we analyzed easily accessible and cost-efficient alternative food sources for blow flies; specifically, tuna and wet cat food compared to beef liver (control). Survivorship and development were examined for each food source using the blow flies Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricus) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). These findings provide an overview of possible alternatives that could be used as a sustainable food source in crime laboratories when immediate action from a forensic entomologist cannot be obtained.

scholarly journals Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pimenta ◽  
R. A. Mata ◽  
M. Venzon ◽  
D. N. C. Cunha ◽  
E. M. G. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract Plants that have potential as alternative food source (floral nectar, pollen and plant tissues) to the boll weevil during the intercropping season were evaluated considering the prevalent conditions of Cerrado in the Central Brazil. Initially, we tested the nutritional adequacy for the survival of the insect of flower resource (pollen and nectar) provided by eight plant species (fennel, mexican sunflower, castor bean, okra, hibiscus, sorghum, pigeonpea and sunn hemp). Subsequently, we tested if the resources provided by the selected plants continued to be exploited by the boll weevil in the presence of cotton plant, its main food source average longevity of boll weevil adults was significantly longer when they were fed on hibiscus’ flowers (166.6 ± 74.4) and okra flowers (34.7 ± 28.9) than when they fed on flowers of other six species. Subsequently, the preference of the boll weevil in the use of resources was compared between okra or hibiscus and cotton plants, in dual choice experiments. Boll weevils preferred plants of the three species in the reproductive stages than those in vegetative stages. Although the cotton plant in the reproductive stage was the most preferred plant of all, boll weevils preferred flowering okra and hibiscus than cotton at the vegetative stage.

AN ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY WITH PARASITE ATTACK AND ALTERNATIVE PREY

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. MANDAL ◽  
KUSUMIKA KUNDU ◽  
P. CHATTERJEE ◽  
J. CHATTOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Alternative Food Source ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

The present paper deals with the problem of a predator-prey system with disease in the prey population. We observe the dynamics of such a system under the influence of severe as well as unnoticeable parasite attack and also alternative food sources for predator population. We assume the predator population will prefer only infected population for their diet as those are more vulnerable. Local and global stability of the system around the biological feasible equilibria are studied. The conditions for which all three species will persist are worked out. Our results indicate that in the case of severe parasite attack, the predator population will prefer the alternative food source and not the infected one. But the strategy is reversed in the case of unnoticeable parasite attack.

RED JUNGLE FOWL HAVE MORE CONTRAFREELOADING THAN WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS: EFFECT OF FOOD DEPRIVATION AND CONSEQUENCES FOR INFORMATION GAIN

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Jensen ◽  
Karin Schütz ◽  
Christina Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Red Jungle Fowl

AbstractContrafreeloading (CFL), i.e. choosing food which requires work over free food, occurs at a higher rate in red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) compared to White Leghorn layers. We examined whether this difference between breeds was altered by food deprivation and whether it affected the information gained about alternative food sources. In a first experiment, twenty birds of each breed were deprived for zero, three and six hours and then allowed a choice of feeding from freely available food or food mixed with wood shavings. In both breeds, CFL tended to decrease after deprivation, but jungle fowl consistently showed more CFL than Leghorns also after food deprivation. This shows that differences in CFL between breeds were not altered by food deprivation, and the larger CFL in jungle fowl may represent a genetically based difference in feeding strategy. In a second experiment, we examined whether the differences in CFL affected how the birds acquired information about alternative food sites of different quality. Twenty birds of each breed were allowed to forage during three 10 min sessions in a four armed maze, where symbols in each end of the arms indicated the location of four different quality food sources; 'high gain' (freely available food), 'medium gain' (70% food, 30% wood shavings), 'low gain' (30% food), and 'no gain' (100% wood shavings). Each bird was then tested in the same maze when the 'high gain' food source and its symbol had been removed, and the other three sources contained only the symbols and wood shavings. Jungle fowl chose the symbol indicating the best available food source significantly more often than the Leghorns. The results indicate that Leghorn gain less information during foraging, which may have consequences for their adaptation capacity in a production environment. This could either be a consequence of Leghorns showing less CFL, or a generally impaired learning capacity of Leghorns compared to jungle fowl.

scholarly journals Replacing Red Meat with Alternative Food Sources of Protein on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes - Modeling Dietary Changes in a Causal Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1418-1418
Author(s):  
Daniel Ibsen ◽  
Marianne Jakobsen ◽  
Jytte Halkjær ◽  
Erik Parner ◽  
Kim Overvad
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract Objectives We investigated whether decreasing the intake of red meat and simultaneously increasing the intake of alternative food sources of protein affects the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with no changes in the substituted foods. We also examined interaction with the age at which participants changed their diet. Methods We used the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort including men and women, two measures of diet taken roughly 5 years apart using food frequency questionnaires and information on incident type 2 diabetes derived from the Danish National Diabetes Register (n = 39,349; aged 55 to 72 years at the second diet measure; n cases = 3759). The pseudo-observation method was used to estimate the average exposure effect of decreasing the intake of red meat (processed and unprocessed) while increasing the intake of either poultry, fish, cheese, eggs or whole grains compared with no changes in the substituted foods on the subsequent 10-year risk of development type 2 diabetes. Results In multivariable adjusted models, we found that replacing 1 serving/day (100 g) of red meat with 1 serving/day of eggs (50 g) (risk difference −2.4%, 95% confidence interval −3.7 to −1.1%) or whole grains (30 g) (−1.4%, −2.2 to −0.6%) was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. No effects were observed for other replacements. In general, the lowest risk was observed for replacements at age 55 years compared with older ages (up to 70 years) for all replacements. Conclusions Replacing red meat with eggs or whole grains may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with no changes in the substituted foods. Changing red meat intake in midlife may be more beneficial than at older ages. Funding Sources Aarhus University.

Alternative food sources of native and non-native bivalves in a subtropical eutrophic lake

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 735 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Marroni ◽  
Carlos Iglesias ◽  
Néstor Mazzeo ◽  
Juan Clemente ◽  
Franco Teixeira de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

scholarly journals Survival pattern of the boll weevil during cotton fallow in Midwestern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Silvia Soares Pires ◽  
Mayra Pimenta ◽  
Renata Alves da Mata ◽  
Lucas Machado de Souza ◽  
Débora Pires Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Survival Pattern ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the survival pattern of the cotton boll weevil during fallow in Midwestern Brazil. The percentage of adults that remained in the cotton reproductive structures, the percentage of adults searching for shelters, and the longevity of adults fed on pollen and nectar as alternative food sources were determined. For this, four populations were sampled in cotton squares and bolls, totaling 11,293 structures, from 2008 to 2012. The emergency of cotton weevil adults was monitored from the collection of the structures until the next cotton season. In the laboratory, newly-emerged adults were fed on hibiscus or Spanish needle, and their life span was monitored individually. Most adults (85.73%) left the reproductive structures, regardless of the cotton plant phenology, up to 49 days after the structures were collected. One individual (0.0002%) from 5,544 adults was found alive after the fallow period. The diet with hibiscus and Spanish needle provided adult longevity of 76±38 days, which was enough time for adults to survive during the fallow period. Most of the boll weevils leave the cotton structures at the end of harvest, survive using alternative food sources, and do not use cotton plant structures as shelter during the legal cotton fallow period in Midwestern Brazil.

Alternative food sources interfere with removal of a fungal amphibian pathogen by zooplankton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Deknock ◽  
Frank Pasmans ◽  
Robby van Leeuwenberg ◽  
Sarah Van Praet ◽  
Stijn Bruneel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Amphibian Pathogen ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Spongivory by Eucidaris tribuloides from Salvador, Bahia (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Santos ◽  
A.B. Coutinho ◽  
E. Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Sea urchins were collected in August 1999, at Salvador (Todos os Santos Bay, State of Bahia, Brazil). Twenty out of 20 Eucidaris tribuloides sea urchins studied had sponge remains in their guts, 12 of which, in large enough quantities to discard the hypothesis of sponge contamination on other food items. No other macroscopic evidence of alternative food sources has been encountered. Sponges found in large enough quantities were classified in seven genera, spread over seven families and five orders of the Demospongiae. Among the commonest sponges were Haliclona spp. and Iotrochota birotulata. The results show clearly the spongivorous habit of E. tribuloides at the studied site.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document