Transoesophageal: Valves

2020 ◽  
pp. 543-600
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis ◽  
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

This chapter deals with the valves in transoesophageal echocardiography. It covers the mitral valve (stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse), the aortic valve (stenosis and low-flow stenosis and regurgitation), the tricuspid valve, the pulmonary valve (stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse), infective endocarditis (diagnosis, echocardiographic features, and differential diagnoses).

Transthoracic anatomy and pathology: Valves

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-386
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis ◽  
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ◽  
Prosthetic Valves

This chapter deals with the anatomy and pathology of valves in transthoracic echocardiography. It covers the mitral valve (stenosis, regurgitation, PISA, and prolapse); the aortic valve (stenosis and low-flow stenosis and regurgitation); the bicuspid, quadricuspid, and tricuspid valves; carcinoid heart syndrome; the pulmonary valve (stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse); prosthetic valves (mechanical and bioprosthetic), along with stenosis, regurgitation, and regurgitation; and finally endocarditis.

scholarly journals Intraoperative diagnosis of mitral valve endocarditis secondary to Paenibacillus provencensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. e54-e55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-C Pinho-Gomes ◽  
A Nasir ◽  
R Mosca ◽  
S Mirza ◽  
I Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Intraoperative Diagnosis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mitral Valve Vegetation ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

We report the first case of infective endocarditis caused by Paenibacillus provencensis. A mitral valve vegetation was incidentally discovered by intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography in a 70-year-old woman undergoing aortic valve replacement. The precise identification of the causative agent was by means of genotypic characterisation with 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of antibiotics postoperatively, following debridement of the valve vegetation.

scholarly journals Decalcification of Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet to Repair Moderate Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Stenosis with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Shizuya Shintomi ◽  
Takashi Oshitomi ◽  
Hideyuki Uesugi ◽  
Ichiro Ideta ◽  
Kentaro Takaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Mitral Valve Stenosis ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet

P3662Relationships between bacteria and echocardiographic manifestations in infective endocarditis - data from the Swedish endocarditis registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Damlin ◽  
K Westling ◽  
E Maret ◽  
K Caidahl ◽  
M J Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pulmonic Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Positive Culture Result

Abstract Introduction Echocardiography (ECHO) is a method of choice for direct visualization of infective endocarditis (IE) - induced cardiac manifestations. Purpose To investigate the correlations between certain bacteria causing the IE and specific IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO in the population from the Swedish Endocarditis Registry. Methods A cohort study based on selected data from the Swedish Endocarditis Registry including patients aged 18 and above, admitted between 2008 and 2017 with positive culture result from blood or surgical material, in total 570 patients (mean age 58±18 years, 33% female, 67% male patients). For numeric variables, Student's t-test was used. Correlations between the variables were estimated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). P<0.05 was considered significant. Results Of 570 patients 165 (29%) had a history of drug abuse; 21 (4%) had a bicuspid aortic valve and 110 (19%) had prosthetic valves. Significant correlations were seen between patients with aortic valve IE and coagulase negative staphylococci (OR 2.88, p=0.01, CI 1.26–6.88) and enterococcus spp (OR 2.31, p<0.01, CI 1.30–4.16), specifically enterococcus faecalis (2.45, p<0.01, CI 1.34–4.54), mitral valve IE and streptococcus spp (OR 1.92, p<0.01, CI 1.31–2.83), specifically group B streptococci (OR 8.16, p<0.01, CI 1.71–77.03), tricuspid valve IE (OR 6.55, p<0.01, CI 3.93–11.23) and pulmonic valve IE (OR 7.53, p=0.03, CI 1.0–335.25), and staphylococcus spp, specifically staphylococcus aureus (tricuspid valve: OR 6.55, p<0.01, CI 3.93–11.23 and pulmonic valve: OR 9.26, p=0.01, CI 1.22–412.22), abscess and coagulase negative staphylococci (OR 4.13, p<0.01, CI 1.13–12.25), pacemaker or ICD-associated IE and HACEK (OR 7.60, p=0.01, CI 1.66–27.06). Conclusions Significant correlations were found between certain bacteria and specific IE manifestations detected by ECHO, i.e. on aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve or pulmonic valve, abscess and pacemaker or ICD-associated IE.

scholarly journals Valvular heart disease in autoimmune diseases in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Aceituno Melgar ◽  
JF Fritche-Salazar ◽  
ME Soto-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Calcium Deposit

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background  The autoimmune diseases (AD) have high morbidity and mortality due to their affection to the heart. Purpose Our objective was to describe the valvular heart disease (VHD) in patients with AD. Methods Patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SS) diagnosis were included, from January 1st 2008 to December 31th 2018. Prevalence rates of valve involvement were calculated. Results A total of 163 patients (57.6% with SLE, 23.3% with RA, 19.0% with SS) were included. The global prevalence of VHD was 5.4% in SLS, 23.6% en RA, and 15.9% in SS. The more affected valve in SLS was the tricuspid valve in 24% (12% with severe tricuspid regurgitation (STR), p = 0.028), in RA was the aortic valve in 26% (13% with severe aortic stenosis (SAS), p = 0.02), and with SS was the tricuspid valve in 48% (29% with moderate tricuspid regurgitation (MTR)). The calcium deposit was present in 66% in RA (37% in aortic valve, p &lt; 0.001). The valve thickening (&gt;5 mm) was higher in RA (50%, p &lt; 0.001), with predominance in mitral valve (26%). Conclusions We found significant higher rates of STR in SLE, SAS in RA, and MTR in SS compared with the literature. Moreover, calcification and valve thickening were found more often in RA. Early diagnosis of subclinical VHD is mandatory to improve the long-term prognosis of these patients. Valvular heart disease. Autoimmune Disease (n = 163) P value* SLE (n = 94) RA (n = 38) ES (n = 31) Demographic characteristics Age, years. Gender, Male / Female, n Body Mass Index (kg/m2) Arterial hypertension, n (%) Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) 38.8 (12.6) 9/85 26.2 (5.9) 21(22.3%) 6 (6.3%) 62.45 (12.3) 7/31 26.6 (7.1) 14(36.8%) 4 (10.5%) 53.8 (13.3) 2/29 25.4 (4.7) 12 (38.7) 5 (16.1%) &lt;0.001 NS NS NS NS Echocardiographic findings. Valve thickening Aortic Mitral 8 (9%) 1 (1%) 7 (7%) 19 (50%) 9 (24%) 10 (26%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) &lt;0.001 Calcium Deposit Aortic Mitral 4 (4%) 2 (2%) 2 (2%) 25 (66%) 14 (37%) 11 (29%) 8 (26%) 4 (12.8%) 4 (12.9%) &lt;0.001 Aortic valve disease 4 (4%) 10 (26%) 0 Aortic stenosis Moderate Severe 0 0 0 7 (18%) 2 (5%) 5 (13%) 0 0 0 0,02 Moderate Aortic Regurgitation 4 (4%) 3 (8%) 0 NS Mitral valve disease 8 (9%) 2 (5%) 2 (6%) Mitral stenosis Moderate Severe 4 (4%) 2 (2%) 2 (2%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) NS Mitral Regurgitation Moderate Severe 4 (4%) 2 (2%) 2 (2%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) NS Tricuspid Regurgitation Moderate Severe 22 (24%) 11 (12%) 11 (12%) 8 (21%) 7 (18%) 1 (3%) 15 (48%) 9 (29%) 6 (19%) 0,028 Pulmonic valve disease Moderate Pulmonic Stenosis Moderate Pulmonic Regurgitation 6 (6%) 1 (1%) 5 (5%) 1 (3%) 0 1 (3%) 0 0 0 NS * Not Significant.

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