Beyond Scale
This chapter lays out the alternatives to measures of the scale of illicit financial flows (IFF). These include policy-based indicators offering the scope to track global process on transparency measures that are key to curtailing illicit financial flows, and also offer the jurisdiction-level disaggregation to support accountability for policies that maintain opacity; and two related sets of IFF risk measure, which extend the logic of evaluating IFF-facilitating secrecy jurisdictions, to evaluate the exposure of each country to the IFF risks of secrecy elsewhere. While these measures do not offer the single, dollar measure of IFF that the UN target requires, they have the potential to support national, regional and international policymakers in prioritising their responses and ensuring appropriate accountability.