Perkembangan Ekspor dan Impor Sumatera Utara pada Tatanan Hidup Baru

The level of a province can be seen from its economic growth, seen from the aspect of the value of exports and imports which have an influence on a trade between provinces. After the occurrence of covid-19 which had a major impact on Indonesian trade and the global economy. As a result of the pandemic, there have been major changes in world trade patterns, such as the lockdown system implemented in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the development of exports and imports of North Sumatra Province through indicators of export and import values. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive data analysis. The source of data in this study is secondary data taken in (2016/2020) which is downloaded via www.bps.go.id, especially export and import data during the development of a new economic life order in North Sumatra Province. The results show that there is an increase that can be seen from the increase in the volume and value of imports and exports in a province, a decrease in the volume and value of imports and exports of imports, the development of a new economic order of life. With good economic growth, it will increase national income, the community will be prosperous in terms of the economy. In the last decade, exports continued to increase in 2021 to reach Rp. 13 trillion. Many studies have stated that in the past year, export-import cases have fluctuated during the COVID-19 period. And this pandemic has taught us the need to encourage export and import diversification, diversification of supplying countries and product destinations. produced in order to develop in a new life order. Keywords: Export, Import, New Era, Economic Growth

Is the proportion of per capita fat supply associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity? an ecological analysis

Background Although it is reported in numerous interventional and observational studies, that a low-fat diet is an effective method to combat overweight and obesity, the relationship at the global population level is not well established. This study aimed to quantify the associations between worldwide per capita fat supply and prevalence of overweight and obesity and further classify this association based on per capita Gross National Income (GNI). Methods A total of 93 countries from four GNI groups were selected. Country-specific overweight and obesity prevalence data were retrieved from the most recent WHO Global Health Observatory database. Per capita supply of fat and calories were obtained from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization database; FAOSTAT, Food Balance Sheet for years 2014–2016. The categorizations of countries were done based on GNI based classification by the World Bank. Results Among the selected countries, the overweight prevalence ranged from 3.9% (India) to 78.8% (Kiribati), while obesity prevalence ranged from 3.6% (Bangladesh) to 46.0% (Kiribati). The highest and the lowest per capita fat supply from total calorie supply were documented in Australia (41.2%) and Madagascar (10.5%) respectively. A significant strong positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of overweight (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and obesity (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) with per capita fat supply. The lower ends of both trend lines were densely populated by the low- and lower-middle-income countries and the upper ends of both lines were greatly populated by the high-income countries. Conclusions Per capita fat supply per country is significantly associated with both prevalence of overweight and obesity.

LIFESTYLE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN: AN AYURVEDIC OVERVIEW

Lifestyle Disorders (LSD) are common problems among upper-middle and higher society children. Lifestyle has long been associated with the development of many chronic diseases. It affects both genders. WHO has recognized Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic lung disease, have everyday lifestyle linked risk factors like lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet and feeding habits and harmful use of alcohol. Worldwide, the current scenario of NCDs is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, even in young children. According to WHO Report 2004, these account for nearly 60% of deaths and 47% of the global burden of illness. The rise in NCDs is substantially accelerating in most developing countries like India. In India, 53% of the deaths in 2008 were due to NCDs, and cardiovascular disease (CVDs) alone accounted for 24% of deaths (WHO). In 2005 India experienced the highest loss in potentially productive years of life globally, and the leading cause of death was cardiovascular disease. The cumulative loss of national income for India due to NCDs mortality for 2006-2015 was around USD237 billion. By 2030, this productivity loss is estimated to double to 17.9 million years lost. These major NCDs are preventable through effective Ayurvedic interventions by judiciously treating lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors. This review confers the current scenario of NCDs in children and their Ayurvedic Management.

Human development in the USA

The article presents a study of human development in the United States. The dynamics of public expenditure on “human resources” is shown. An analysis is made of the changes in the US Human Development Index rankings, showing how they have evolved over the past 30 years. Data are provided on the components of the Index: life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income per capita. The evolution of the Human Development Index is considered, and a new experimental Index, adjusted for planetary load, is presented. Data on the US labour force structure is given. The key mechanisms created in the US that allow the country to have a very high Human Development Index, are shown. In the case of Russia, the study shows the key role of the state in shaping and developing human potential.

The Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on the Economic Growth of Poland and Sweden Considering COVID-19 Times

A demonstration of the relationship between the share of renewables in gross marginal energy and selected countries’ economic growth is the basis of this research. The paper seeks to investigate mutual correlations between renewable energy sources and economic growth for two EU economies and how it influences their fluctuations (increase and decrease). The comparative analysis of results was carried out for less-income Polish and high-income Swedish economies. This research used a regression model to answer the research questions examining the presence of correlations between renewable energy sources in gross marginal energy consumption and economic growth. This study analyzes data starting from 1991 to 2022. The results indicated a positive correlation (statistical significance) between Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Income variables for Sweden (84.6% and 83.7%, respectively) and Poland (79.9% and 79.2%, respectively), which influence the use of renewable energy sources. The findings also reveal that the higher economic growth caused by the use of renewables is observed for the leading countries but at the same time the risk of a greater recession is much more likely than in other countries. These findings would help government officials and policymakers to better understand the role of renewable energy in the economic growth of these countries. This study has contributed to the literature on renewable energy sources and statistical reports under the EU energy sector framework.

Feminist Mining: A Step Towards Sustainable Mininig in India

Economic growth and development with least harm to the environment is one of the biggest challenges for the human. Mining which is considered to be the most inherently unsustainable industry, is at the same time, plays key role in the development process in India and across Globe. It occupy primary position in the supply chain, contributing to the foreign direct investment, exports, government taxes, GDP (National Income) and provide huge labour employment. This paper studies industrial elimination of women, prolong industrial patriarchy, impetuous production, rising demand pressure has added to the quadrupling problems of land degradation, disposal of over burden/waste discharge, deforestation, pollution(air, water, and noise), and damage to forest flora and fauna, occupational health hazards and extreme global environmental damage in a rapid, continuous manner. These continuous and multi-layered problems are giving us reason to re-visioning steps, where we went wrong. Theoretical foundation of eco-feminism traces that negligence and suppression of women in general and in the mining industry, is one of the probable cause that hit environment fiercely. With this in mind, this paper suggests theory of eco-feminism into male centric mining industry as a perspective which is more likely to lead to industrial sustainability, making it more responsible and may provide pro-environmental solutions to the industry. This feminist concept extending it from individualistic level into mining organisations proposes as one of the alternative to combine ecology and commerce to envision sustainability.

STUDI EFEKTIVITAS VAKSIN INFLUENZA: UPDATED REVIEW

Influenza is caused by a rapidly mutating viruse that consists of 2 types, namely type A with the H1N1 and H3N2 genotypes and type B. Influenza caused global mortality with 250,000-500,000 death in 2009. The effectiveness of vaccines also changes regarding the mutation of influenza viruses, however, in the development and utilization of influenza vaccines should be supported by the economic status of a country. Up to now, there are many countries that have not prioritized the utilization of influenza vaccines. The target of influenza vaccination are children and adults (> 60 years old). The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of influenza vaccines from various countries and categorized based on their income. This review used Medline, Elsevier, and BMC Public Health as the database with the keywords "Effectiveness" and "Influenza vaccine". Then, the articles are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the initial search there are 784 articles that match the keywords, and only 13 articles met the criteria. These articles are classified based on the center of the study in order to classify based on their national income; 5 studies in high income countries, 5 studies in upper-middle income countries, 3 studies in lower-middle income countries, and 1 study in low income countries. The results showed that the administration of influenza vaccine in high income and upper-middle income countries is quite effective for type A H1N1 genotypes, where as H3N2 is less effective. In the lower-middle income countries, the utilization of vaccines with type A H3N2 genotypes was effective, however, in the low-income countries, the effectiveness of vaccines has not been justified due to the limited study of type of influenza and the administration of influenza vaccines in those countries.

Input-Output Analysis

This essential reference for students and scholars in the input-output research and applications community has been fully revised and updated to reflect important developments in the field. Expanded coverage includes construction and application of multiregional and interregional models, including international models and their application to global economic issues such as climate change and international trade; structural decomposition and path analysis; linkages and key sector identification and hypothetical extraction analysis; the connection of national income and product accounts to input-output accounts; supply and use tables for commodity-by-industry accounting and models; social accounting matrices; non-survey estimation techniques; and energy and environmental applications. Input-Output Analysis is an ideal introduction to the subject for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in many scholarly fields, including economics, regional science, regional economics, city, regional and urban planning, environmental planning, public policy analysis and public management.

THE POTENTIAL OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL CLUSTERS IN EUROPEAN SPACE

Assessment of the potential of tourist and recreational clusters and objects of tourist activity remains relevant and still underdeveloped direction in tourism. The article aims to consider the peculiarities of the formation of the regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters of the member state of the European Union. The methodological paradigm of the formation of potential of tourist and recreational clusters and a technique of its estimation based on systematics of tools and components, which essentially expand a network of the tourist and recreational industry, are substantiated. Methods of hierarchical classification were used. Results and interpretation of the study consists of the components of the competitiveness index for determining the regional level of potential of tourist and recreation clusters in countries in the areas of travel and tourism are presented. Indicators of competitiveness of the regional potential of tourist and recreational clusters are determined. The indicator of the integrated level of efficiency of the formation of regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters offered. The number of tourists and recreational clusters on the EU member states has been determined. The share of regional potential of tourism and recreation clusters in terms of their total contribution to national income is calculated, as well as the average growth of national income from the projected value of regional potential of tourists and recreation clusters in EU member states.