Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Tax Aggressiveness dengan Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility on tax aggressiveness with firm size as moderation. The research method used is quantitative methods and secondary data using annual financial reports. The sample of this research is the property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The results of this study indicate that corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Company size cannot moderate corporate social responsibility with tax aggressiveness. The conclusion of this study is that companies that disclose high CSR will have higher tax aggressiveness, because companies will attract public sympathy by disclosing broad CSR, to cover up the company's bad image with tax avoidance that has been carried out by the company. The existence of a large company size cannot affect the level of CSR disclosure. This is because large companies are not guaranteed to disclose broad CSR, where investors do not only look at how big the company is but also look at it from a financial perspective. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Aggressiveness and Company Size

Environmental regulation and corporate tax avoidance—Evidence from China

In this study, we used a difference-in-difference (DID) approach to analyze the effect of environmental regulation on corporate tax avoidance behavior based on China’s carbon emissions trading pilot policy of 2013. Our findings were as follows: (1) Environmental regulation has led companies to adopt further tax evasion behaviors. Furthermore, the core conclusion was confirmed after a series of robust and endogenous tests, such as parallel trends and PSM-DID (propensity score matching-difference-in-difference). (2) Environmental regulations increase tax avoidance activities by reducing corporate cash flows. (3) The influence of environmental regulation on firm tax evasion is highly pronounced among non-state-owned enterprises, big-scale enterprises, and enterprises with a high degree of industry competition.

Impact of tax fairness and tax knowledge on tax compliance behavior of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria

Tax compliance is a major contemporary debate surrounding corporate taxation in the business world. The tax avoidance issue, which remains an ethical problem for companies, has been a general concern in developed and developing countries alike. The main problem of this study is a non-tax compliance behavior of the corporate organization taxpayers in Nigeria. This study examined the influence of tax fairness on the tax compliance behavior of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The paper adopted a survey research method, and four hundred (400) copies of the questionnaire were administered to the selected manufacturing companies of both consumer and industrial goods sectors. The Laffer Curve Theory underpinned this study and Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Regression Analysis were also employed. The study found that there is a significant level of tax compliance among the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study also shows that the corporate taxpayer’s perception of fairness of –2.765 (0.006) has a significant impact on corporate taxpayers’ willingness to pay taxes and tax knowledge of 4.601 (0.000) significantly influenced tax compliance. Based on tax knowledge, the study recommends that tax authorities must improve the knowledge of taxpayers and tax collection agents through programs, initiatives, and training on tax awareness.

The Effect of Liquidity, Thin Capitalization, Capital Intensity, and Earnings Management on Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2010-2020 Period

This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity, thin capitalization, capital intensity, and earnings management on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2010-2020 period. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The research sample used was 34 companies from 184 companies. The sample return method used is the selection of samples for research from the research population by fulfilling several predetermined criteria (purposive sampling). The data type used is secondary data, and the data analysis technique is a multiple linear regression test using Eviews 9 software. The proxy used for tax avoidance is the book-tax difference (BTD). The results of this study indicate that liquidity and earnings management have a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, thin capitalization and capital intensity do not affect tax avoidance. Keywords: Tax Avoidance, Liquidity, Thin Capitalization, Capital Intensity, Earnings Management.

Changes in the effect of corporate tax avoidance on the cost of debt over the past 25 years

Purpose This study aims to examine how the effect of corporate tax avoidance on the cost of debt has changed in the period 1993–2017. Although it is known that tax avoidance has significantly increased during this period (Dyreng et al., 2017), little evidence exists on how this change alters the effect of tax avoidance on the cost of debt. This study investigates how changes in tax avoidance modify the association between tax avoidance and the cost of debt. Design/methodology/approach By using a comprehensive sample of 15,825 loan facilities issued to US public firms in the period 1993–2017, this study tests the time-series changes in the association between tax avoidance and the cost of debt. Findings This study finds that a positive association between tax avoidance and the cost of debt has been declined over the past 25 years. Accordingly, tax avoidance in general no longer increases the loan spread after the enactment of domestic production activities deduction. However, the risker end of tax avoidance does still increase the loan spread. Originality/value This study spotlights the time-series changes in the effect of corporate tax avoidance on the cost of debt, showing how lenders perception on corporate tax avoidance has altered in accordance with changes in corporate tax practice.

Does the Carbon Emissions Trading Policy Increase Corporate Tax Avoidance? Evidence from China

Based on the natural experiment of carbon emissions trading pilots in China, this paper investigates the effect of environmental regulation on corporate tax avoidance. The results show that: 1) Market-incentivized environmental regulation significantly increase the level of corporate tax avoidance. 2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect is more obvious on the non-state-owned firms, firms with severe financing constraints, and firms in highly competitive industries. 3) We find that the reduction of cash flow is the channel for environmental regulation to affect corporate tax avoidance. 4) Further analysis shows that government subsidies can alleviate the enhancement of tax avoidance by environmental regulation. The more government subsidies a company receives, the less tax avoidance it has.

Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Karakteristik Perusahaan, Dan CSR Disclosure Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur

This study aims to determine the effect of capital intensity, company characteristics, and disclosure of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance with leverage as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2017. The sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling method in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2017. The number of samples used was 82 companies. The method of analysis of this study is multiple linear regression using eviews 9. The results showed that the intensity of capital had a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, the company's characteristics had a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance, the disclosure of corporate social responsibility had a positive effect and not significant impact on tax avoidance. Leverage is able to moderate the influence of capital intensity on tax avoidance, leverage is able to moderate the effect of corporate characteristics on tax avoidance while leverage is not a variable that is able to moderate the disclosure effect of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance. Finally, the authors suggest that tax avoidance considerations can be used other than those used by researchers. For the calculation of capital intensity, company characteristics, and disclosure of CSR can use other proxy proxies other than those used by researchers. And for the next researcher, it is expected to be able to add variables related to the variables affected, and extend the research period.

Gender Diversity Effect on Tax Avoidance and Firm Risk

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender diversity on firm risk with tax avoidance as a mediating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study used SPSS version 20.0 to process the data. The sample of this research is 51 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX using multiple regression panel data. This study uses financial statement data for the 2015 – 2019 period. The findings of this study are (1) there is a negative effect of gender diversity on tax avoidance; (2) there is a negative effect of gender diversity on firm risk; (3) there is a positive effect of tax avoidance on firm risk; (4) Gender diversity has an influence on firm risk through tax avoidance. The limitations of this study are as follows: the research sample is only in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a limited number of samples because during the observation period there are companies that are losing, suspending, and delisting. Therefore, this research suggests that (1) Further research can expand the scope of the research sample or compare it with companies in other industrial sectors. (2) Further research can increase the number of other variables, such as Corporate Social Responsibility by using the Blau-Index measurement (1975) so that the measurement can be more detail and constructive. (3) Further research can use other samples in Asean countries by comparing the success rate of anti-corruption disclosure in ASEAN countries. The practical implications include the following: (1) the role of gender diversity in the company is very necessary for implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) thus a healthy company will be created so that the company's risk does not occur in the future. (2) the role of the government is needed in making policies so that companies do not do tax evasion. The originality of the research includes this study, which is the first to analyze gender diversity on firm risk through tax avoidance.