Phylogenetic analysis of the South American electric fishes (order Gymnotiformes) and the evolution of their electrogenic system: a synthesis based on morphology, electrophysiology, and mitochondrial sequence data.

The endemic Neotropical genus Gaujonia Dognin is revised. Morphological characters and a phylogenetic analysis demonstrate paraphyletic relationships among the species. Four different groups are interpreted to represent four different genera. The G. arbosi group is the only remaining clade in the genus Gaujonia, and the other groups have been arranged into three new genera: Milleranagen. nov., Oculicattusgen. nov., and Cicadoformagen. nov. Additionally, two other genera Cicadomorphusgen. nov., and Gaujopteragen. nov. were found using morphological and molecular analyses based on some specimens that were misidentified as Gaujonia spp. A total of five new genera, three new combinations (Cicadoforma vau-nigrum Hampson, comb. nov., Oculicattus renifera Hampson, comb. nov., and Millerana arbosioides Dognin, comb. nov.) and 21 new species (Cicadoforma ocelotussp. nov., Cicadomorphus chicharrasp. nov., Cicadomorphus chuyasp. nov., Cicadomorphus falkasiskasp. nov., Cicadomorphus lilianaesp. nov., Gaujonia bichusp. nov., Gaujonia chiqyaqsp. nov., Gaujonia kanakusikasp. nov., Gaujonia sourakovisp. nov., Gaujoptera amsasp. nov., Millerana austinisp. nov., Millerana cajassp. nov., Millerana cundinamarquensissp. nov., Millerana matthewsaesp. nov., Millerana tigrinasp. nov., Oculicattus bolivianasp. nov., Oculicattus brehmisp. nov., Oculicattus incasp. nov., Oculicattus raizaesp. nov., Oculicattus schmidtisp. nov., and Oculicattus uturunkusp. nov.) are established.

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The South American and Australian percichthyids and perciliids. What is new about them?

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20180102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gloria Arratia ◽

Claudio Quezada-Romegialli

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Data Sets ◽

South American ◽

The South

ABSTRACT A study including morphological characters and mitogenomics of South American and Australian fishes previously assigned to Percichthyidae was conducted. Results generated from these different data sets reveal major disagreements concerning the content and interpretation of the so-called percichthyids. A phylogenetic analysis based on 54 morphological characters suggests the existence of two major clades: (1) Percichthyidae, including the South American Percichthys and the Australian taxa Macquaria australasica, Macquaria (= Plectroplites), and Maccullochella; (2) Perciliidae with the South American genus Percilia at the base plus more advanced Australian genera Nannoperca, Nannatherina, Bostockia, and Gadopsis. In contrast, molecular and mitogenomic evidence suggests only one clade (Percichthyidae), with the exclusion of species of Macquaria (= Percalates). Additionally, the results reveal the existence of various taxonomic problems, such as the current interpretation of only one species of Percichthys in Argentina, an interpretation that is not supported by the present study; the existence of cryptic species of Percilia as well as of Gadopsis, Nannoperca, and Macquaria that will increase the diversity of the genera; and the need for an extensive revision of species previously assigned to Percalates versus Macquaria. Disagreements point to the need to develop further research on the so-called percichthyids and perciliids.

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Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2019.551 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shinichi Nakahara ◽

Thamara Zacca ◽

Fernando M.S. Dias ◽

Diego R. Dolibaina ◽

Lei Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

South American ◽

Dna Barcodes ◽

Dna Sequence Data

We provide the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of the poorly known South American butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964, hitherto regarded as including three described species. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data shows that Zischkaia is monophyletic and consists of two morphologically diagnosable clades. Morphological characters and DNA ‘barcodes’ support the recognition of twelve species in the genus, a significant increase even for the relatively poorly studied subtribe Euptychiina. Consequently, nine new species are described and named herein, including Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., Z. mielkeorum Dolibaina, Dias & Zacca, sp. nov. and Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov. In addition, a neotype is designated for Satyrus pacarus Godart, [1824], and lectotypes are designated for Euptychia amalda Weymer, 1911, Euptychia fumata Butler, 1867 and Euptychia saundersii Butler, 1867.

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DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Cryptic Geographically-influenced Microbial Diversity After Anthropogenic Impact in Original Forest Soils on the Isolated Trindade Island, South Atlantic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1215067/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Saraiva Camara ◽

Fabio Bones ◽

Fabyano Lopes ◽

Fabio Oliveira ◽

Cristine Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Forest Soils ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

South Atlantic ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Trindade Island ◽

Feral Animals

Abstract Located 1,140 km from the South American coastline in the South Atlantic Ocean, and with an age of 4 million years, Trindade Island is the most recent volcanic component of Brazilian territory. Its vegetation was severely damaged by human influence in particular through the introduction of exotic grazing animals such as goats. However, since the complete eradication of goats and other feral animals in the late 1990s, the island’s vegetation has been recovering and even some endemic species that had been considered extinct have been rediscovered. In this study we set out to characterize the contemporary microbial diversity of Trindade Island forest soils using metabarcoding by High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). Sequences of representative of two domains (Bacteria and Archaea) and five kingdoms (Fungi, Metazoa, Protozoa, Chromista and Viridiplantae) were identified. Bacteria were represented by 20 phyla and 116 taxa, while and Archaea by only one taxon. Fungi were represented by seven phyla and 250 taxa, Viridiplantae by five phyla and six taxa, Protozoa by five phyla and six taxa, Metazoa by three phyla and four taxa and Chromista by two phyla and two taxa. Even after the considerable anthropogenic impacts and devastation of the island’s natural forest, our sequence data revealed the presence of a rich, diverse and complex diversity of microorganisms, invertebrates and plants.

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