scholarly journals Discovery of a Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus (FDAL) Muscle – Implications for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Pellis ◽  
M. Catherine Bandak ◽  
Alexys Bolden ◽  
Matthew Zdilla ◽  
H. Wayne Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

scholarly journals An Erratic Origin of Quadratus Plantae: An Embryological Error

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8168-8172
Author(s):  
Sobana Mariappan ◽  
◽  
Geeta Anasuya. D ◽  
Sheela Grace Jeevamani MS ◽  
M. Vijaianand MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Background: Quadratus plantae (Flexor digitorum accessorius) is one of the plantar muscles of foot . It is present in the second layer of sole. It takes origin from calcaneus and gets inserted into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus. The main function of it is to flex the lateral four toes in any position of the ankle joint by pulling on tendons of the flexor digitorum longus. Its variations like high origin have been implicated in the causation of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Methodology and Results: In routine dissection done on 22 cadavers, we observed a bilateral variant muscle flexor digitorum accessorius longus on both right and left sides in a male cadaver. The modality of choice in diagnosing the accessory muscle is magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The knowledge of this variation would be essential to anatomists, radiologists and also to the foot surgeons while performing posterior ankle endoscopy. KEY WORDS: Flexor digitorum Accessorius longus, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Posterior ankle endoscopy.

Unusual bilateral variation of the flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle and its relation on tarsal tunnel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin C. Lin ◽  
Raissa Zuim Dantas De Souza ◽  
Ann Fefferman ◽  
Vincent Baribeau ◽  
Bailey Bunch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Anatomical Characteristics of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle and Their Relevance to Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-André Deleu ◽  
Bernhard Devos Bevernage ◽  
Ivan Birch ◽  
Pierre Maldague ◽  
Vincent Gombault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Background Clinical and cadaver studies have reported that supernumerary muscles could be the etiology of a variety of pathologic disorders, such as posterior impingement syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS), and flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis. We describe a unique variant of the flexor digitorum accessorius longus (FDAL) muscle as an apparent cause of TTS, functioning as an independent flexor of the second toe, which has not been described in the literature. In addition to this case report, a systematic review was performed of TTS caused by the FDAL muscle. Methods A targeted search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science identified full-text papers that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Twenty-nine papers were identified for inclusion in the systematic review: 12 clinical papers of TTS caused by the FDAL muscle and 17 cadaver-based papers. Conclusions Clinicians often do not include the FDAL muscle in the differential diagnosis of TTS. This literature review suggests that the FDAL is an important muscle in terms of its functional and clinical significance. Knowledge of this muscle, its anatomical location and variations, and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics may help clinicians make an accurate differential diagnosis.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to Accessory Musculature: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin C. Neary ◽  
Eric Chang ◽  
Christopher Kreulen ◽  
Eric Giza
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Compression Neuropathy ◽  
Full Resolution ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
High Level ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a relatively uncommon compression neuropathy caused by impingement of the tibial nerve or one of the terminal branches. The presence of accessory musculature at the posteromedial aspect of the ankle has been identified as a rare cause of this condition. Despite the rarity of this condition, it must be considered in patients with refractory symptoms consistent with tibial nerve dysfunction. The accurate diagnosis of this condition relies heavily on a detailed history and physical examination, adequate imaging read by both surgeon and trained musculoskeletal radiologist, as well as a high level of suspicion for such pathology. In this case report, we describe a 46-year-old male with history, examination, and imaging all consistent with TTS secondary to accessory musculature. Following excision of an accessory soleus and flexor digitorum accessorius longus, as well as simultaneous tarsal tunnel release, the patient experienced full resolution of his symptoms. This highlights the importance of considering accessory musculature as a potential cause of TTS in patients presenting with tibial compression neuropathy. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Case Report

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