anatomical location
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

1225
(FIVE YEARS 535)

H-INDEX

56
(FIVE YEARS 7)

Author(s):  
Stefania Camastra ◽  
Ele Ferrannini

AbstractIt is well-established that adipose tissue accumulation is associated with insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms. One major metabolic link is the classical Randle cycle: enhanced release of free fatty acids (FFA) from hydrolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides impedes insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle tissues. Less well studied are the different routes of this communication. First, white adipose tissue depots may be regionally distant from muscle (i.e., gluteal fat and diaphragm muscle) or contiguous to muscle but separated by a fascia (Scarpa’s fascia in the abdomen, fascia lata in the thigh). In this case, released FFA outflow through the venous drainage and merge into arterial plasma to be transported to muscle tissues. Next, cytosolic triglycerides can directly, i.e., within the cell, provide FFA to myocytes (but also pancreatic ß-cells, renal tubular cells, etc.). Finally, adipocyte layers or lumps may be adjacent to, but not anatomically segregated, from muscle, as is typically the case for epicardial fat and cardiomyocytes. As regulation of these three main delivery paths is different, their separate contribution to substrate competition at the whole-body level is uncertain. Another important link between fat and muscle is vascular. In the resting state, blood flow is generally higher in adipose tissue than in muscle. In the insulinized state, fat blood flow is directly related to whole-body insulin resistance whereas muscle blood flow is not; consequently, fractional (i.e., flow-adjusted) glucose uptake is stimulated in muscle but not fat. Thus, reduced blood supply is a major factor for the impairment of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both subcutaneous and visceral fat. In contrast, the insulin resistance of glucose uptake in resting skeletal muscle is predominantly a cellular defect.


Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Violeta Razmaitė ◽  
Artūras Šiukščius ◽  
Rūta Šveistienė ◽  
Virginija Jatkauskienė

The aim of the present study was to identify the conservation status of Lithuanian local Vištinės goose breed and evaluate the carcass and meat quality characteristics in the breast and thigh depending on the sex. The status of the Lithuanian Vištinės goose breed was evaluated by monitoring of the birds, which are included in the breeding system. Twenty geese from the nucleus flock at the age of 10 weeks and reared using a commercial concentrate diet ad libitum were used for the carcass and meat quality evaluation. Due to fluctuations in the numbers of geese and reproduction of purebred birds on a largest scale from the nucleus flock, the status of Vištinės goose population remains critical-maintained. The difference in the live body weight between males and females was insignificant, whereas males showed higher carcass weight (p < 0.05), including the weight of breast, wings, thighs and neck. The sex did not affect the meat quality parameters, but the anatomical location of muscles has appeared to show a high effect. Thigh muscles had lower (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) protein and cholesterol, and higher (p < 0.001) intramuscular fat contents compared with the breast. Thigh muscles also showed higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) pH and EZ drip loss, but lower (p < 0.001) cooking loss compared with the breast. The breast was characterized by a higher (p < 0.001) shear of force and toughness with Warner–Bratzler test and higher (p < 0.001) hardness detected by texture profile analysis (TPA) compared with the thigh. Breast lipids had higher (p < 0.001) proportion of total saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas the thigh was characterized by a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. Atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indexes were higher (p < 0.001) and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratio was lower (p < 0.001) and less favourable in the breast compared with the thigh. Despite the muscle type differences, goose meat of the local conserved breed exhibited good quality and expected enhancing impact on consumer health.


2022 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
S. S. Zainutdinov ◽  
G. F. Sivolobova ◽  
V. B. Loktev ◽  
G. V. Kochneva

Mucosal immunity is realized through a structural and functional system called mucose-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). MALT is subdivided into parts (clusters) depending on their anatomical location, but they all have a similar structure: mucus layer, epithelial tissue, lamina propria and lymphoid follicles. Plasma cells of MALT produce a unique type of immunoglobulins, IgA, which have the ability to polymerize. In mucosal immunization, the predominant form of IgA is a secretory dimer, sIgA, which is concentrated in large quantities in the mucosa. Mucosal IgA acts as a first line of defense and neutralizes viruses efficiently at the portal of entry, preventing infection of epithelial cells and generalization of infection. To date, several mucosal antiviral vaccines have been licensed, which include attenuated strains of the corresponding viruses: poliomyelitis, influenza, and rotavirus. Despite the tremendous success of these vaccines, in particular, in the eradication of poliomyelitis, significant disadvantages of using attenuated viral strains in their composition are the risk of reactogenicity and the possibility of reversion to a virulent strain during vaccination. Nevertheless, it is mucosal vaccination, which mimics a natural infection, is able to induce a fast and effective immune response and thus help prevent and possibly stop outbreaks of many viral infections. Currently, a number of intranasal vaccines based on a new vector approach are successfully undergoing clinical trials. In these vaccines, the safe viral vectors are used to deliver protectively significant immunogens of pathogenic viruses. The most tested vector for intranasal vaccines is adenovirus, and the most significant immunogen is SARSCoV-2 S protein. Mucosal vector vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 based on Sendai virus, which is able to replicate asymptomatically in cells of bronchial epithelium, are also being investigated.


2022 ◽  
pp. 000348942110701
Author(s):  
Cathleen C. Kuo ◽  
Ellen M. Piccillo ◽  
Jason C. DeGiovanni ◽  
Matt Kabalan ◽  
Gregg Zimmer ◽  
...  

Objective: To report a case of herpes virus-associated nasopharyngitis in an adult patient. Methods: The patient’s medical record was reviewed for demographic and clinical data. For literature review, all case reports or other publications published in English literature were identified using Pubmed with the MeSH terms “herpes,” “nasopharyngitis,” and “upper respiratory infection.” Results: A 40-year-old male presented for nasal congestion and a suspected nasal mass. Computed tomography of the sinuses revealed edematous changes in the nasopharynx which exerted a downward mass effect at the right aspect of the soft palate. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) revealed a lesion arising from the posterior aspect of the soft palate with extension into the posterior nasal cavity as well as copious mucopurulent secretions consistent with a superimposed acute sinusitis. Rigid nasal endoscopy demonstrated a friable and ulcerated lesion arising from the aforementioned anatomical location. Biopsy of this lesion and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed a diagnosis of herpetic nasopharyngitis. Conclusions: Herpetic infection should be in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with atypical symptoms of nasopharyngitis. Early accurate diagnosis and appropriate specific management can limit the duration of disease course and prevent further complications.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kale ◽  
D Anil

Abstract Background: Inguinal hernia is a common presentation in surgical clinics. In the past, the hernia surgeries were done under general and spinal anesthesia. Recently local anesthesia is being increasingly used due to the increased efficacy of local anesthetics and economic reasons. We in the current study tried to evaluate the effectiveness of Lichtenstein repair under local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia and the overall outcomes of both methods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Successive cases of uncomplicated inguinal hernia were selected for the study. A total of n=60 cases randomly allotted in two groups The LA group and SA group were taken and studied. Post-operatively VAS scale was used to evaluate pain, other postoperative complications such as testicular swelling and pain, urinary retention, nausea/vomiting, postural hypotension, and wound infections were recorded. Results : The age of the patient varied from 20 to 80 years with the highest prevalence noted in the age group of 41 to 60 years. The Mean age of presentation is 51.3 years. The anatomical location and type of hernia are given in table 1. 60.9% of inguinal hernia in this study was an indirect type, 30.4% was direct, 6.5% was pantaloons type and 2.2% was Ogilvie's hernia. Out of 74 patients, 62.1% had a right-sided inguinal hernia compared to the left side which accounted for 37.8%. Complication records showed N=9(23.7%) of the SA group and n=8(22.2%) LA group developed scrotal edema and in total n=17(23%) developed scrotal edema. N=7(18.4%) patients in the SA group and n=7(19.4%) in the LA group developed seroma and in total patients, n=14(18.9%) developed seroma. Conclusion: Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty done under local anesthesia is with less immediate postoperative complications, also the best suitable for patients with medical comorbidities and those who are on antiplatelet therapy where spinal anesthesia is contraindicated.


Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Szilvia Lilla Csoma ◽  
Judit Bedekovics ◽  
Gergő Veres ◽  
Anita Árokszállási ◽  
Csilla András ◽  
...  

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignancy with a long disease course and an overall poor prognosis. Despite multiple chemotherapy agents, there is no defined second-line treatment opportunity for advanced BTCs. In the era of precision oncology, NGS plays an important role in identifying mutations that may predict the molecular pathomechanism and manage the BTC therapy. The peripheral blood liquid biopsy (LB) of cancer patients represents variable amounts of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released from tumor foci of any anatomical location. Our study aimed to identify somatic mutations and tumor variant burden (TVB) in cell-free and matched tumor DNA. We found a positive correlation between the estimated tumor volume and cfDNA yield (r = 0.9326, p < 0.0001). Comparing tissue and LB results, similar TVB was observed. SNVs were proven in 84% of the cases, while in two cases, only the LB sample was informative for molecular analysis. The most important aberrations in BTCs, such as FGFR2, IDH1, IDH2, KRAS, and TP53, could be detected in matched LB samples. Our prospective study demonstrates a minimally invasive testing approach to identify molecular genetic alterations in cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancers. Clinical applications of cfDNA reflect by capturing the outstanding spatial tumor heterogeneity and guarantee novel aspects for the precision oncology treatment.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Soumaya Hamich ◽  
Fatima Zahra El Gaitibi ◽  
Kaoutar Znati ◽  
Meriem Meziane ◽  
Nadia Ismaili ◽  
...  

We report the case of a 43-year-old male with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis cured one year previously and a 25-year-old history of smoking. The patient presented with a tumor of the scalp that had been evolving since the age of thirteen years, gradually increasing in size, neglected by the patient. An examination revealed a giant tumor of the occipital area (Fig. 1), 15 × 8 cm in size, which was protruded and ulcerated, with thick, hard edges. On biological assessment, a hemogram revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia at 2.9 g/dL. Ferritin was at 4 ng/mL. HIV serology was negative. A skin biopsy revealed a mature, well-differentiated, infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma (Fig. 2). A CT scan of the brain revealed a poorly limited subgalactic parietooccipital lesion process, with bone lysis and endocranial extension and invasion of the upper longitudinal sinus. Ultrasonography of the lymph node area revealed bilateral axillary and inguinal adenopathies with an infracentimetric fatty hilum. The immediate management was to transfuse the patient with three red blood cells. Control hemoglobin was 7.7 g/dl. The patient, then, received external radiotherapy but was lost to follow-up. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer [1], occurring in elderly patients with a clear phototype on sun-exposed areas. Its frequency is increasing and correlates with sun exposure [1]. It may reach enormous sizes if neglected and not treated in its early stages. The most common causes of a delayed diagnosis are low socioeconomic status, poor personal hygiene, and fear of the diagnosis and of its possible consequences [2]. Giant carcinomas are defined by a diameter exceeding 5 cm [3]. They pose a higher risk of complication and mortality. The invasiveness of these tumors depends on the size, anatomical location, and histological subtype. Their treatment is difficult because, even with extensive surgical removal, recurrence and metastasis are frequent [3].


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ye ◽  
Xinyuan Zhao ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jinhua Yu

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell lines, which makes them an important source of cells for tissue engineering applications. They are defined by the capability to renew themselves and maintain pluripotency. This ability is modulated by the balance between complex cues from cellular microenvironment. Self-renewal and differentiation abilities are regulated by particular microenvironmental signals. Oxygen is considered to be an important part of cell microenvironment, which not only acts as a metabolic substrate but also a signal molecule. It has been proved that MSCs are hypoxic in the physiological environment. Signals from MSCs' microenvironment or niche which means the anatomical location of the MSCs, maintain the final properties of MSCs. Physiological conditions like oxygen tension are deemed to be a significant part of the mesenchymal stem cell niche, and have been proved to be involved in modulating embryonic and adult MSCs. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which play a key role in cell signal transduction, transcription and translation of genes, have been widely concerned as epigenetic regulators in a great deal of tissues. With the rapid development of bioinformatics analysis tools and high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, more and more evidences show that ncRNAs play a key role in tissue regeneration. It shows potential as a biomarker of MSC differentiation. In this paper, we reviewed the physiological correlation of hypoxia as a unique environmental parameter which is conducive to MSC expansion and maintenance, discussed the correlation of tissue engineering, and summarized the influence of hypoxia related ncRNAs on MSCs' fate and regeneration. This review will provide reference for future research of MSCs' regeneration.


Author(s):  
Laura Gabriela González Briceño ◽  
Dulanjalee Kariyawasam ◽  
Dinane Samara-Boustani ◽  
Elisa Giani ◽  
Jacques Beltrand ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective To describe the endocrine follow-up of patients with primary brain tumors. Methods non interventional observational study, data collection from medical records of 221 patients followed at a Pediatric Endocrinology Department. Results 48.9% were female, median age at diagnosis: 6.7 years (range: 0-15.9), median follow-up: 6.7 years (0.3-26.6). Main tumor types: medulloblastoma (37.6%), craniopharyngioma (29.0%) and glioma (20.4%). According to anatomical location, 48% were suprasellar (SS) and 52% non-suprasellar (NSS). GH deficiency (GHD) prevalence was similar in both groups (SS: 83.0%, NSS: 76.5%, p=0.338), appearing in median 1.8 years (-0.8 to 12.4) after diagnosis; post-radiotherapy GHD appeared in median 1.6 years after radiotherapy (0.2 to 10.7). Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in SS (76.4%), than NSS (33.9%), p&lt;0.001, as well as ACTH deficiency (SS: 69.8%, NSS: 6.1%, p&lt;0.001). Early puberty was similar in SS (16%) and NSS (12.2%). Hypogonatropic hypogonadism was predominant in SS (63.1%) vs NSS (1.3%), p&lt;0.001, and post-chemotherapy gonadal toxicity in NSS (29.6%) vs SS (2.8%), p&lt;0.001. Adult height was lower for NSS compared to target height (-1.0 SD, p&lt;0.0001) and to SS patients (p&lt;0.0001). Thyroid nodules were found in 13/45 patients (28.8%), including 4 cancers (4.8-11.5 years after radiotherapy). Last follow-up visit BMI was higher in both groups (p=0.0001), obesity incidence was higher for SS (46.2%) than NSS (17.4%). Conclusions We found a high incidence of early onset endocrine disorders. An endocrine consultation and nutritional evaluation should be mandatory for all patients with a brain tumor, especially when the tumor is suprasellar or after hypothalamus/pituitary irradiation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-S) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Alaa Ahmed Mohamed Yousif ◽  
Maye M. Merghani ◽  
Nihad Elsadig Babiker

Background: Cisplatin is one of therapy used as anticancer activity in a variety of tumors. Among many chemotherapy drugs that are widely used for cancer, Cisplatin is one of the most compelling ones. Material and methods: This study was Analytical cross sectional study conducted at Taiba Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period July 2021 to November 2021 and aimed to estimate the complete blood count among chemotherapy Sudanese patients treated with Cisplatin. 50 cancer patients treated with cisplatin as chemotherapy selected as a case group and 50 apparently health donor were selected as control group. Three ml of the venous blood was collected in EDTA container. Six sample collected from each patient before each dose of cisplatin. Complete blood count was done by using Sysmex Automated Hematology Analyzer KX 21N.Result: When compared the base line of case value of RBCs, Hb, WBCs, neutrophils, and platelets with control there were insignificant differences (P. value ≥ 0.05). But when compared RBCs, Hb, WBCs, neutrophils, and platelets between the case (baseline) and the cases in cycle 1, 2,3,4 and 5 there was significant decreased among progression of doses (P. value ≤ 0.05). There was insignificant correlation in the duration of the cancer and WBCs, neutrophil count, HGB and platelets count (P. value ≥ 0.05), significant correlation with RBCs in baseline and cycle 2 (P. value < 0.05). When correlate the anatomical location of cancer with WBCs, neutrophil count there was insignificant correlation, and significant correlation with RBC and HGB in cycle 5 and platelets count cycle 2 and cycle 3 Conclusion: The study observed that Cisplatin with combination of drug can effect on the hematological parameters also the chemotherapy was induced anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document