Effects of Cricoid Pressure and Remifentanil on Esophageal Motility and the Lower Esophageal Sphincter

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (Sup 2) ◽  
pp. A72
Author(s):  
Kristian Thorn ◽  
Sven-Egron Thorn ◽  
Magnus Wattwil
Keyword(s):  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Cricoid Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

scholarly journals THE PARTICIPATION OF THE NITRERGIC PATHWAY IN INCREASED RATE OF TRANSITORY RELAXATION OF LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER INDUCED BY RECTAL DISTENSION IN DOGS

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Santos PALHETA ◽  
José Ronaldo Vasconcelos da GRAÇA ◽  
Armênio Aguiar dos SANTOS ◽  
Liziane Hermógenes LOPES ◽  
Raimundo Campos PALHETA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rectal Distension ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation ◽  
Respective Control Group ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Pre Treatment

ContextThe rectal distension in dogs increases the rate of transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation considered the main factor causing gastroesophageal reflux.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was evaluate the participation of the nitrergic pathway in the increased transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation rate induced by rectal distension in anesthetized dogs.MethodsMale mongrel dogs (n = 21), weighing 10-15 kg, were fasted for 12 hours, with water ad libitum. Thereafter, they were anesthetized (ketamine 10 mg.Kg-1+ xylazine 20 mg.Kg-1), so as to carry out the esophageal motility evaluation protocol during 120 min. After a 30-minute basal period, the animals were randomly intravenous treated whith: saline solution 0.15M (1ml.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1) + L-Arginine (200 mg.Kg-1), glibenclamide (1 mg.Kg-1) or methylene blue (3 mg.Kg-1). Forty-five min after these pre-treatments, the rectum was distended (rectal distension, 5 mL.Kg-1) or not (control) with a latex balloon, with changes in the esophageal motility recorded over 45 min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Student Newman-Keuls test.ResultsIn comparison to the respective control group, rectal distension induces an increase in transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Pre-treatment with L-NAME or methylene blue prevents (P<0.05) this phenomenon, which is reversible by L-Arginine plus L-NAME. However, pretreating with glibenclamide failed to abolish this process.ConclusionsTherefore, these experiments suggested, that rectal distension increases transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs via through nitrergic pathways.

Effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in man

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
S. Rattan ◽  
R. K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

Studies were performed to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 on esophageal motility in 12 healthy volunteers. PGE2 infusion caused a dose-dependent reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The threshold dose was less than 0.05 mug-kg-1-min-1 and maximal reduction of pressure (60%) occurred with a dose of 0.4 mug-kg-1-min-1. In contrast to its effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, PGE2 did not alter the pressure in the upper esophageal sphincter. PGE2 did not influence resting esophageal pressures; the amplitude of peristaltic contractions was reduced in the lower but not in the upper part of the body of the esophagus. These studies show that in man PGE2 exerts selective inhibitory influence on the activity of the lower part of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter which are composed of smooth muscle fibers.

The Effect of Endogenous Hypergastrinemia on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Esophageal Motility

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (112) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yakut ◽  
Gokhan Kabacam ◽  
Mehmet Bektaş ◽  
Hulya Cetinkaya ◽  
Murat Toruner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Cricoid Cartilage Pressure Decreases Lower Esophageal Sphincter Tone

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Tournadre ◽  
Dominique Chassard ◽  
Khalid R. Berrada ◽  
Paul Bouletreau
Keyword(s):  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Cricoid Pressure ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Pulmonary Aspiration ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Gastric Pressure ◽  
Manometric Method ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Background Cricoid cartilage pressure induced to prevent pulmonary aspiration from regurgitation of gastric contents has been recommended, and its efficacy requires a force greater than 40 Newtons. For regurgitation to occur, both an increase in gastric pressure and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) are necessary. However, the effect of cricoid cartilage pressure on the LES is unknown. This study evaluated the effects of cricoid cartilage pressure on LES in human volunteers. Methods Lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal barrier pressures (which equals LES pressure-gastric pressure) were measured using a manometric method in eight unanesthetized volunteers (4 men, 4 women) classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1. The force applied to the cricoid cartilage was measured continuously, and LES pressure was recorded at a cricoid force of 20 and 40 Newtons. Results Cricoid pressure decreased LES pressure from 24 +/- 3 mmHg to 15 +/- 4 mmHg at a force of 20 Newtons (P &lt; 0.05) and to 12 +/- 4 mmHg with a force of 40 Newtons (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions These findings may explain the occurrence of pulmonary aspiration before tracheal intubation despite application of cricoid cartilage pressure.

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