The present work was assessed the restoration of segmental bone gap defect in rabbits by application of composite bone grafts. Composite bone grafts were prepared by seeding of rabbit foetal osteoblast on the bovine acellular cancellous bone matrix and evaluated in the segmental gap defect of 20 mm in rabbits. Thirty six adult New Zealand White rabbits of either sex were allotted to three groups of 12 each. Autograft (group A), Acellular cancellous bone matrix (group B) and composite graft seeded with fetal osteoblasts (group C) were implanted in the defects. Radiography, gross observations and histopathology at different intervals were done to evaluate healing. It was concluded that the seeded foetal osteoblasts in the composite grafts augment regeneration of the new bone leading to better integration of graft in host in comparison to bovine acellular cancellous bone matrix graft.
