Evaluation of Acellular Bovine Cancellous Bone Matrix Seeded with Foetal Rabbit Osteoblasts for Segmental Bone Defects in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Rashmi ◽  
Rekha Pathak ◽  
P. Tamilmahan ◽  
Amarpal Amarpal ◽  
H. P. Aithal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Composite Graft ◽  
Matrix Group ◽  
Composite Grafts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
Group B ◽  
Composite Bone

The present work was assessed the restoration of segmental bone gap defect in rabbits by application of composite bone grafts. Composite bone grafts were prepared by seeding of rabbit foetal osteoblast on the bovine acellular cancellous bone matrix and evaluated in the segmental gap defect of 20 mm in rabbits. Thirty six adult New Zealand White rabbits of either sex were allotted to three groups of 12 each. Autograft (group A), Acellular cancellous bone matrix (group B) and composite graft seeded with fetal osteoblasts (group C) were implanted in the defects. Radiography, gross observations and histopathology at different intervals were done to evaluate healing. It was concluded that the seeded foetal osteoblasts in the composite grafts augment regeneration of the new bone leading to better integration of graft in host in comparison to bovine acellular cancellous bone matrix graft.

Comparison of two β-tricalcium phosphate composite grafts used for reconstruction of mandibular critical size bone defects

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-C. Gellrich ◽  
G. Hauschild ◽  
M. Fehr ◽  
K.-H. Bormann ◽  
K. Rohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Composite Grafts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Summary Objective: The aim was to compare osseointegration of blood perfused β-tricalcium phosphate cylinders (β-TCPB) with similar composites that were additionally loaded with cancellous bone and bone marrow (β-TCPB/BM/CB) for mandibular reconstruction. Methods: Twelve German Black-Headed sheep with an average weight of 72.5 ± 10 kg underwent segmental re-section of the right hemi-mandible. The animals that were assigned to group A (n=6) were reconstructed using β-TCPB while the sheep that were assigned to group B received β-TCPB/BM/CB grafts. Tissue quality was histologically assessed and bone-, scaffold-, cartilage- and fibrous-tissue area were estimated using semiautomated histomorphometrical software. Results: Composite grafts that were loaded with bone marrow and cancellous bone (β-TCPB/BM/CB) exhibited significant (p<0.01) higher amounts of bone formation than β-TCPB. The patients that were assigned to group B achieved defect union and a high grade of bone maturation. Residual ceramic remnants were rare and disconnected. Bone maturity within group A was inferior and none of the specimens showed defect union. The defect centre was still occupied by a ceramic core. Clinical significance: Bone and bone marrow augmented β-tricalcium phosphate composites may qualify as a promising alternative to autograft bone for mandibular reconstruction in human and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals The Bone Buttress Theory: The Effect of the Mechanical Loading of Bone on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
David Chavarri-Prado ◽  
Aritza Brizuela-Velasco ◽  
Ángel Álvarez-Arenal ◽  
Markel Dieguez-Pereira ◽  
Esteban Pérez-Pevida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To determine the effect of mechanical loading of bone on the stability and histomorphometric variables of the osseointegration of dental implants using an experimental test in an animal model. Materials and Methods: A total of 4 human implants were placed in both tibiae of 10 New Zealand rabbits (n = 40). A 6-week osseointegration was considered, and the rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (Test group) included 5 rabbits that ran on a treadmill for 20 min daily during the osseointegration period; Group B (Controls) included the other 5 that were housed conventionally. The monitored variables were related to the primary and secondary stability of the dental implants (implant stability quotient—ISQ), vertical bone growth, bone to implant contact (BIC), area of regenerated bone and the percentage of immature matrix. Results: The results of the study show a greater vertical bone growth (Group A 1.26 ± 0.48 mm, Group B 0.32 ± 0.47 mm, p < 0.001), higher ISQ values (Group A 11.25 ± 6.10 ISQ, 15.73%; Group B 5.80 ± 5.97 ISQ, 7.99%, p = 0.006) and a higher BIC (Group A 19.37%, Group B 23.60%, p = 0.0058) for implants in the test group, with statistically significant differences. A higher percentage of immature bone matrix was observed for implants in the control group (20.68 ± 9.53) than those in the test group (15.38 ± 8.84) (p = 0.108). A larger area of regenerated bone was also observed for the test implants (Group A 280.50 ± 125.40 mm2, Group B 228.00 ± 141.40 mm2), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.121). Conclusions: The mechanical loading of bone improves the stability and the histomorphometric variables of the osseointegration of dental implants.

Clinical Results Of A Lamina With Spinous Process And An Iliac Graft As Bone Grafts In The Surgical Treatment Of Single-Segment Lumbar Pyogenic Discitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyang Zhong ◽  
Xinjie Liang ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Tianji Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Single Segment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Segmental Angle

Abstract Background: A retrospective study investigated and compared the results of a lamina withspinous process (LSP) and an iliac graft (IG) as bone grafts in single-segment lumbar pyogenic discitis (LPD) through one-stage-posterior-only approach with radical debridement and internal instrumentation.Methods: Data from 37 patients were reviewed. A LSP was placed in 17 patients (group A), and an IG was implemented in 20 patients (group B). The surgery time, surgery hemorrhage, hospital stay, drainage, and follow-up (FU) were reviewed. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, segmental angle, intervertebral height and bony fusion time were compared preoperatively and at the final FU.Results: All patients were followed-up for a mean of 27.94±2.35 months in group A and 30.29±1.89 months in group B, without a difference. The mean age was younger in group A than in group B (P<0.05). The surgery time, surgery hemorrhage, and hospitalization cost were lower in group A than in group B (P<0.05), except for the hospital stay and drainage time. Fever occurred in 10 patients in group A and 12 patients in group B. The ESR, CRP level, and VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased, and there were no significant differences between the groups at the final FU. The distribution of bacterial agents in blood culture was 1 case of Aerobacter cloacae, 2 of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Escherichia coli, and 1 of Streptococcus viridis in group A and 1 of S. aureus，1 of Staphylococcus warneri and 2 of Klebsiella pneumoniae in group B. Pyogenic infection was observed in the pathological findings of all patients. No significant difference was found in the mean segmental angle or mean intervertebral height preoperation and at the final FU between the groups.Conclusion: The use of LSP as a new bone graft is reliable, safe, and effective for surgical management for the LPD while surgery is proposed as a good management strategy for LPD in carefully selected patients.

scholarly journals The influence of purification of carp collagen used in a novel composite graft with sandwich construction of the wall on its biological properties and graft patency rates

2019 ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
P. Mitas ◽  
T. Grus ◽  
L. Lambert ◽  
M. Mlcek ◽  
H. Chlup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Composite Graft ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Intimal Layer ◽  
Group B

We compared graft outcome between two types of a novel composite three-layer carp-collagen-coated vascular graft in low-flow conditions in a sheep model. Collagen in group A underwent more cycles of purification than in group B in order to increase the ratio between collagen and residual fat. The grafts were implanted end-to-side in both carotid arteries in sheep (14 grafts in 7 sheep in group A, 18 grafts in 9 sheep in group B) and artificially stenosed on the right side. The flow in the grafts in group A decreased from 297±118 ml/min to 158±159 ml/min (p=0.041) after placement of the artificial stenosis in group A, and from 330±164ml/min to 97±29 ml/min (p=0.0052) in group B (p=0.27 between the groups). From the five surviving animals in group A, both grafts occluded in one animal 3 and 14 days after implantation. In group B, from the six surviving animals, only one graft on the left side remained patent (p=0.0017). Histology showed degradation of the intimal layer in the center with endothelization from the periphery in group A and formation of thick fibrous intimal layer in group B. We conclude that the ratio between collagen and lipid content in the novel three-layer graft plays a critical role in its patency and structural changes in vivo.

Autogenous Bone Graft Versus Bovine Bone Graft in Association With Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Reconstruction of Alveolar Clefts: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Torres Bezerra ◽  
John Nadson Andrade Pinho ◽  
Fabrício Eneas Diniz Figueiredo ◽  
José Renato Moraes Carvalho Barreto Brandão ◽  
Lucas Celestino Guerzet Ayres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Grafting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the outcomes of 2 different bone graft materials: autogenous bone grafts from mandibular symphysis and bovine bone grafts associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Methods: Twenty individuals met the inclusion criteria and accepted to participate in the study. Group A patients underwent alveolar bone grafting using autologous bone and group B patients using a bovine bone graft associated with PRP. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken and reconstructed 3-dimensionally for all patients preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Results: A significant reduction was detected for area and volume within group A and group B. Between groups, no significant difference was found for area or volume. Conclusions: Bovine grafts associated with PRP are a good option for the reconstruction of alveolar clefts and provide good results such as autologous bone grafts.

scholarly journals Creation of Tissue-Engineered Urethras for Large Urethral Defect Repair in a Rabbit Experimental Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Amesty ◽  
Clara Ibel Chamorro ◽  
Pedro López-Pereira ◽  
María José Martínez-Urrutia ◽  
Beatriz Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Urothelial Cell ◽  
Matrix Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intestinal Submucosa ◽  
Urethral Defect

Introduction: Tissue engineering is a potential source of urethral substitutes to treat severe urethral defects. Our aim was to create tissue-engineered urethras by harvesting autologous cells obtained by bladder washes and then using these cells to create a neourethra in a chronic large urethral defect in a rabbit model.Methods: A large urethral defect was first created in male New Zealand rabbits by resecting an elliptic defect (70 mm2) in the ventral penile urethra and then letting it settle down as a chronic defect for 5–6 weeks. Urothelial cells were harvested noninvasively by washing the bladder with saline and isolating urothelial cells. Neourethras were created by seeding urothelial cells on a commercially available decellularized intestinal submucosa matrix (Biodesign® Cook-Biotech®). Twenty-two rabbits were divided into three groups. Group-A (n = 2) is a control group (urethral defect unrepaired). Group-B (n = 10) and group-C (n = 10) underwent on-lay urethroplasty, with unseeded matrix (group-B) and urothelial cell-seeded matrix (group-C). Macroscopic appearance, radiology, and histology were assessed.Results: The chronic large urethral defect model was successfully created. Stratified urothelial cultures attached to the matrix were obtained. All group-A rabbits kept the urethral defect size unchanged (70 ± 2.5 mm2). All group-B rabbits presented urethroplasty dehiscence, with a median defect of 61 mm2 (range 34–70). In group-C, five presented complete correction and five almost total correction with fistula, with a median defect of 0.3 mm2 (range 0–12.5), demonstrating a significant better result (p = 7.85 × 10−5). Urethrography showed more fistulas in group-B (10/10, versus 5/10 in group-C) (p = 0.04). No strictures were found in any of the groups. Group-B histology identified the absence of ventral urethra in unrepaired areas, with squamous cell metaplasia in the edges toward the defect. In group-C repaired areas, ventral multilayer urothelium was identified with cells staining for urothelial cell marker cytokeratin-7.Conclusions: The importance of this study is that we used a chronic large urethral defect animal model and clearly found that cell-seeded transplants were superior to nonseeded. In addition, bladder washing was a feasible method for harvesting viable autologous cells in a noninvasive way. There is a place for considering tissue-engineered transplants in the surgical armamentarium for treating complex urethral defects and hypospadias cases.

scholarly journals Assessment of bovine biomaterials containing bone morphogenetic proteins bound to absorbable hydroxyapatite in rabbit segmental bone defects

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hasegawa Gonçalves Caporali ◽  
Sheila Canevese Rahal ◽  
José Morceli ◽  
Rumio Taga ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Segmental Defect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right ◽  
Demineralized Bone

PURPOSE: To evaluate the osteo-regenerative capacity of two proprietary bone grafting materials, using a segmental defect model in both radial diaphyses of rabbits. METHODS: The right defect was filled with pooled bone morphogenetic proteins (pBMPs) bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered hydroxyapatite (HA) mixed with inorganic and demineralized bone matrix and bone-derived collagen, derived from bovine bone (Group A). The left defect was filled with bovine demineralized bone matrix and pBMPs bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered HA (Group B). In both groups, an absorbable membrane of demineralized bovine cortical was used to retain the biomaterials in the bone defects, and to guide the tissue regeneration. The rabbits were euthanized 30, 90 and 150 days after surgery. Radiographic, tomographic and histologic evaluations were carried out on all specimens. RESULTS: At 30 days, the demineralized cortical bone cover was totally resorbed in both groups. HA was totally resorbed from Group A defects, whereas HA persisted in Group B defects. A prominent foreign body reaction was evident with both products, more pronounced in sections from Group B. At 90 days, the defects in Group B exhibited more new bone than Group A. However, at 150 days after surgery, neither treatment had stimulated complete repair of the defect. CONCLUSION: The partial bone healing of the segmental defect occurred with low or none performance of the biomaterials tested.

scholarly journals Bone Graft Vs Bone Substitutes in Treatment of Cavitary Benign Bone Tumors (A Systematic Review Study)

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Mostafa ◽  
S I Azmy ◽  
K S Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tumors ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Benign Bone Tumors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background and Introduction Extended curettage is the commonest mode of treatment of cavitary benign bone tumors. If a tumor is very large and threatening to involve the joint, complete excision with joint reconstruction may be necessary. Cure rates of 90–95% have been achieved using curettage as the sole mode of treatment in benign bony lesions. However this treatment is not devoid of controversy and many authors recommend that bone defect after curettage of benign bone tumors should be filled with bone grafts or bone substitutes. Aim of the Work To compare clinical and radiological outcomes, when possible after using of synthetic bone substitutes and bone grafts in surgical treatment of cavitary benign bone tumors. Materials and Methods This systematic literature review has included 22 studies and consisting of 4 steps which are a systematic search of the literature (PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library), selection of studies , recording of study characteristics and extraction of data based on clinical outcomes and their comparisons between different surgical groups. Results This systematic review has included 1071 patients of which 742 were treated using different types of bone substitutes, while the remaining 329 were treated using bone grafts (allografts or autografts). Comparing between both groups we have found that the difference in the graft incorporation time between both groups was statistically insignificant which was 6.65 months in group A and 7.01 months in group B with P value = 0.355(NS). The difference in the postoperative fracture rate as well was statistically insignificant; 1.9% in group A and 3.9% in group B with P value = 0.294(NS). However, there was a significant difference in the postoperative infection rate between group A (2.1%) and group B (12.8%) with P value = 0.01(S) and in the recurrence rate as well, which was 10% for group A and 4.3% for group B with P value = 0.002(HS). Conclusion Synthetic bone graft substitutes have evolved in response to the downsides of autograft and allograft. No level I studies regarding their use in the treatment of bone tumors have been performed. This study indicates that all of the bone substitutes are safe and may be as effective as other bone graft options and with no limitation in their source for filling the large defects. Prospective randomized clinical trials in the treatment of bone tumors comparing bone graft substitutes versus other grafts (autograft and allograft) are necessary to properly delineate the real indications for bone grafting and to demonstrate the graft’s efficacy in this regard.

scholarly journals Evaluation of immediate and delayed surgery for pathological fracture due to unicameral bone cysts in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yuxi Su
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Fracture ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Bone Cysts ◽  
Delayed Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immediate Surgery

Purpose Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) are most often found when accompanied by a pathological fracture. In these cases, the doctor must determine the optimal timing for the surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate surgery as compared with delayed surgery in paediatric pathological fractures due to UBCs. Methods This retrospective study assessed the medical records of 65 patients between January 2012 and September 2016. Group A included 34 patients who underwent immediate surgery, including curettage, demineralized bone matrix and fixation with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Group B included 31 patients who underwent the same surgery several months later. The outcome evaluations included the radiological changes, brace fixation time, cyst healing time, at the first-, third- and sixth month, and final visit. Results The mean brace fixation time was 26.3 days (sd 5.7) for group A and 53.8 days (sd .1) for group B (p = 0.012). According to radiological evaluations, 3/34 patients in group A and 5/31 in group B had recurrence after the first surgery. A second surgery was performed in all cases of recurrence, and all fractures were healed at the last visit. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups (p = 0.4631), and healing times were also similar (p = 0.6033). Conclusion Both the immediate and delayed surgery were safe for the treatment of UBCs with fractures. We suggest immediate surgery for shorter fixation time and early activity. Level of evidence IV

Cartilage Tympanoplasty Methods: Proposal of a Classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Tos
Keyword(s):  
Thin Plates ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Pars Tensa ◽  
Composite Grafts ◽  
Cartilage Tympanoplasty ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The 23 known cartilage tympanoplasty methods to reconstruct the eardrum are classified in six main groups. Each method is briefly defined, described, and illustrated: Group A: Cartilage tympanoplasty with palisades, stripes, and slices. The eardrum is reconstructed by several, various, full-thickness pieces of cartilage with attached perichondrium on the ear canal side. In this group six different methods are described. Group B: Cartilage tympanoplasty with foils, thin plates, and thick plates, not covered with the perichondrium. In this group four methods are included. Group C: Tympanoplasty with cartilage-perichondrium composite island grafts. The perichondrium flap suspends or fixates the cartilage. In this group four methods are included. Group D: Tympanoplasty with special total pars tensa cartilage-perichondrium composite grafts. All three methods are used to close a total perforation, but differ from each. Three special methods are included in this group. Group E: Cartilage-perichondrium composite island grafts tympanoplasty for anterior, inferior, and subtotal perforations. Two on-lay and two underlay methods are included. Group F: Special cartilage tympanoplasty methods: The cartilage disc is placed under the perforation, the perichondrium onto the denuded eardrum remnant.

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