Optic Nerve Head Vessel Density Changes from Graves’ Disease without TED to TED Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy; Does Optic Nerve Head Ischemia Play a Role?

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Parya Abdolalizadeh ◽  
Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli ◽  
Farideh Moradpasandi ◽  
Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani ◽  
Reza Mirshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Parapapillary atrophy in optic neuropathies: Histology and clinical relevance

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110606
Author(s):  
Ana Banc ◽  
Stefania Bianchi Marzoli
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Parapapillary Atrophy ◽  
Optic Nerve Disorders

Parapapillary atrophy is one of the parameters of the optic nerve head area which are assessed during the ophthalmoscopic examination particularly useful to characterize glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Optical coherence tomography evaluation provides high-resolution images of the optic nerve head and surrounding area, and can be used to study parapapillary atrophy. Different parapapillary atrophy zones were described depending on their histological features and research has been conducted to investigate the possible association between the presence and/ or size of parapapillary atrophy zones and several optic nerve disorders. In this review we discuss the histology and the clinical findings related to parapapillary atrophy in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies (e.g. arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathies; suprasellar and parasellar tumors), and other ocular conditions (e.g. high myopia; age-related macular degeneration). Two different histologic classifications were identified. Parapapillary atrophy was demonstrated in glaucoma and glaucoma-like neuropathies, but not in other types of optic nerve disorders.

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