Epidermal expression of human TRPM8, but not of TRPA1 ion channels, is associated with sensory responses to local skin cooling

Pain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (12) ◽  
pp. 2699-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Weyer-Menkhoff ◽  
Andreas Pinter ◽  
Hannah Schlierbach ◽  
Anne Schänzer ◽  
Jörn Lötsch
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Epidermal Expression

Wool growth regulation by local skin cooling

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. G. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Skin Cooling

Local cooling of the skin, produced by exposure to wind was shown to depress the rate of length growth of wool. The depression was associated with reductions in skin temperature and blood flow and with increases in heat transfer in the exposed regions. Fibre diameter did not appear to be affected and there were no indications of a systemic response of wool growth rate to exposure.

Epidermal Expression of TRPM8 But Not of TRPA1 Ion Channels is Associated with Human Cold Pain Sensitivity Patterns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Weyer-Menkhoff ◽  
Andreas Pinter ◽  
Hannah Schlierbach ◽  
Anne Schänzer ◽  
Jorn Lotsch
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Epidermal Expression

scholarly journals Effect of skin temperature on cutaneous vasodilator response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hodges ◽  
Dean L. Kellogg ◽  
John M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Vasodilator Response ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Local Skin Temperature ◽  
Β Receptor ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The vascular response to local skin cooling is dependent in part on a cold-induced translocation of α2C-receptors and an increased α-adrenoreceptor function. To discover whether β-adrenergic function might contribute, we examined whether β-receptor sensitivity to the β-agonist isoproterenol was affected by local skin temperature. In seven healthy volunteers, skin blood flow was measured from the forearm by laser-Doppler flowmetry and blood pressure was measured by finger photoplethysmography. Data were expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser-Doppler flux/mean arterial blood pressure). Pharmacological agents were administered via intradermal microdialysis. We prepared four skin sites: one site was maintained at a thermoneutral temperature of 34°C (32 ± 10%CVCmax) one site was heated to 39°C (38 ± 11%CVCmax); and two sites were cooled, one to 29°C (22 ± 7%CVCmax) and the other 24°C (16 ± 4%CVCmax). After 20 min at these temperatures to allow stabilization of skin blood flow, isoproterenol was perfused in concentrations of 10, 30, 100, and 300 μM. Each concentration was perfused for 15 min. Relative to the CVC responses to isoproterenol at the thermoneutral skin temperature (34°C) (+21 ± 10%max), low skin temperatures reduced (at 29°C) (+17 ± 6%max) or abolished (at 24°C) (+1 ± 5%max) the vasodilator response, and warm (39°C) skin temperatures enhanced the vasodilator response (+40 ± 9%max) to isoproterenol. These data indicate that β-adrenergic function was influenced by local skin temperature. This finding raises the possibility that a part of the vasoconstrictor response to direct skin cooling could include reduced background β-receptor mediated vasodilation.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS AFTER LOCAL SKIN COOLING IN FEMALES

Human Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
E. V. Korobitsyna ◽  
A. B. Gudkov ◽  
O. N. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Cooling

scholarly journals Local thermal control of the human cutaneous circulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Johnson ◽  
Dean L. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Axon Reflex ◽  
Skin Cooling

The level of skin blood flow is subject to both reflex thermoregulatory control and influences from the direct effects of warming and cooling the skin. The effects of local changes in temperature are capable of maximally vasoconstricting or vasodilating the skin. They are brought about by a combination of mechanisms involving endothelial, adrenergic, and sensory systems. Local warming initiates a transient vasodilation through an axon reflex, succeeded by a plateau phase due largely to nitric oxide. Both phases are supported by sympathetic transmitters. The plateau phase is followed by the die-away phenomenon, a slow reversal of the vasodilation that is dependent on intact sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves. The vasoconstriction with local skin cooling is brought about, in part, by a postsynaptic upregulation of α2c-adrenoceptors and, in part, by inhibition of the nitric oxide system at at least two points. There is also an early vasodilator response to local cooling, dependent on the rate of cooling. The mechanism for that transient vasodilation is not known, but it is inhibited by intact sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve function and by intact sensory nerve function.

scholarly journals Body mapping of cutaneous wetness perception across the human torso during thermo-neutral and warm environmental exposures

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Filingeri ◽  
Damien Fournet ◽  
Simon Hodder ◽  
George Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Thermal Probe ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Skin Wetness ◽  
Thermal Pleasantness

Sensing skin wetness is linked to inputs arising from cutaneous cold-sensitive afferents. As thermosensitivity to cold varies significantly across the torso, we investigated whether similar regional differences in wetness perception exist. We also investigated the regional differences in thermal pleasantness and whether these sensory patterns are influenced by ambient temperature. Sixteen males (20 ± 2 yr) underwent a quantitative sensory test under thermo-neutral [air temperature (Tair) = 22°C; relative humidity (RH) = 50%] and warm conditions (Tair = 33°C; RH = 50%). Twelve regions of the torso were stimulated with a dry thermal probe (25 cm2) with a temperature of 15°C below local skin temperature (Tsk). Variations in Tsk, thermal, wetness, and pleasantness sensations were recorded. As a result of the same cold-dry stimulus, the skin-cooling response varied significantly by location ( P = 0.003). The lateral chest showed the greatest cooling (−5 ± 0.4°C), whereas the lower back showed the smallest (−1.9 ± 0.4°C). Thermal sensations varied significantly by location and independently from regional variations in skin cooling with colder sensations reported on the lateral abdomen and lower back. Similarly, the frequency of perceived skin wetness was significantly greater on the lateral and lower back as opposed to the medial chest. Overall wetness perception was slightly higher under warm conditions. Significantly more unpleasant sensations were recorded when the lateral abdomen and lateral and lower back were stimulated. We conclude that humans present regional differences in skin wetness perception across the torso, with a pattern similar to the regional differences in thermosensitivity to cold. These findings indicate the presence of a heterogeneous distribution of cold-sensitive thermo-afferent information.

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