scholarly journals Dynamic changes in gas solubility of xylem sap reiterate the enigma of plant water transport under negative pressure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pereira ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Marcela Trevenzoli Miranda ◽  
Vinicius Sacramento Pacheco ◽  
Lucian Kaack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Plant Water Transport

Despite a long research history, we do not fully understand why plants are able to transport xylem sap under negative pressure without constant failure. Microbubble formation via direct gas entry is assumed to cause hydraulic failure, while the concentration of gas dissolved in xylem sap is traditionally supposed to be constant, following Henry's law. Here, the concentration of soluble gas in xylem sap was estimated in vivo using well-watered Citrus plants under varying levels of air temperature and photoperiodic exposure, and compared to modelled data. The gas concentration in xylem sap showed non-equilibrium curves, with a minimum over-or undersaturation of 5% compared to gas solubility based on Henry's law. A similar diurnal pattern was obtained from the gas concentration in the cut-open conduits and discharge tube, and oversolubility was strongly associated with decreasing xylem water potentials during transpiration. Although our model did not explain the daily changes in gas solubility for an anisobaric situation, oversolubility characterises nanoconfined liquids, such as sap inside cell walls. Thus, plants are able to transport sap under negative pressure with relatively high amounts of dissolved gas, providing them with a buffering capacity to prevent hydraulic failure, despite diurnal changes in pressure and temperature.

Solubility of ammonia in chloroform: analysis in terms of Henry's law and the equilibrium constant for hydrogen-bonded complex formation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smith ◽  
Charles Li ◽  
Myron Roth ◽  
Loren G. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Type B ◽  
Henry’S Law Constant ◽  
Henry's Law Constant ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Ammonia Complex ◽  
Phase Complex ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

We have measured the solubility of ammonia in chloroform at several pressures and at three temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C). Results of these measurements have been analysed in terms of the Henry's law constant that applies to "simple" dissolution of the type B(g) = B(dissolved) and the equilibrium constant K for the liquid phase complex-forming equilibrium represented by A + B = AB where A and B represent chloroform and ammonia, respectively. As expected on the basis of this analysis, ammonia is more soluble (same pressure and temperature) in chloroform than in carbon tetrachloride, where no hydrogen-bonded complex can be formed. Keywords: gas solubility, hydrogen-bonded complexes, Henry's law constant, ammonia–chloroform complex, chloroform-ammonia complex.

Gas solubility and Henry's law near the solvent's critical point

AIChE Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Japas ◽  
J. M. H. Levelt Sengers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Henry’S Law

scholarly journals Prediction of Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids Using the Cosmo-Sac Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Jaschik ◽  
Daniel Piech ◽  
Krzysztof Warmuzinski ◽  
Jolanta Jaschik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Henry’S Law Constants ◽  
Extensive Experimental Data ◽  
Henry's Law Constants

Abstract Thermodynamic principles for the dissolution of gases in ionic liquids (ILs) and the COSMO-SAC model are presented. Extensive experimental data of Henry’s law constants for CO2, N2 and O2 in ionic liquids at temperatures of 280-363 K are compared with numerical predictions to evaluate the accuracy of the COSMO-SAC model. It is found that Henry’s law constants for CO2 are predicted with an average relative deviation of 13%. Both numerical predictions and experimental data reveal that the solubility of carbon dioxide in ILs increases with an increase in the molar mass of ionic liquids, and is visibly more affected by the anion than by the cation. The calculations also show that the highest solubilities are obtained for [Tf2N]ˉ. Thus, the model can be regarded as a useful tool for the screening of ILs that offer the most favourable CO2 solubilities. The predictions of the COSMOSAC model for N2 and O2 in ILs differ from the pertinent experimental data. In its present form the COSMO-SAC model is not suitable for the estimation of N2 and O2 solubilities in ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Towards In Vivo Monitoring of Ions Accumulation in Trees: Response of an in Planta Organic Electrochemical Transistor Based Sensor to Water Flux Density, Light and Vapor Pressure Deficit Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4729
Author(s):  
Davide Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Montanaro ◽  
Filippo Vurro ◽  
Nicola Coppedé ◽  
Nunzio Briglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Olive Trees

Research on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensors to monitor in vivo plant traits such as xylem sap concentration is attracting attention for their potential application in precision agriculture. Fabrication and electronic aspects of OECT have been the subject of extensive research while its characterization within the plant water relation context deserves further efforts. This study tested the hypothesis that the response (R) of an OECT (bioristor) implanted in the trunk of olive trees is inversely proportional to the water flux density flowing through the plant (Jw). This study also examined the influence on R of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as coupled/uncoupled with light. R was hourly recorded in potted olive trees for a 10-day period concomitantly with Jw (weight loss method). A subgroup of trees was bagged in order to reduce VPD and in turn Jw, and other trees were located in a walk-in chamber where VPD and light were independently managed. R was tightly sensitive to diurnal oscillation of Jw and at negligible values of Jw (late afternoon and night) R increased. The bioristor was not sensitive to the VPD per se unless a light source was coupled to trigger Jw. This study preliminarily examined the suitability of bioristor to estimate the mean daily nutrients accumulation rate (Ca, K) in leaves comparing chemical and sensor-based procedures showing a good agreement between them opening new perspective towards the application of OECT sensor in precision agricultural cropping systems.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Xenon in the Zeolitic Pore in the Henry’s Law Region of the Isotherms

1988 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihisa Yoshida ◽  
Jun-ichi Koizumi ◽  
Yoshio Akai
Keyword(s):  
Henry's Law ◽  
Henry’S Law
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