The security of industrial control systems (ICSs) has received a lot of attention in recent years. ICSs were once closed networks. But with the development of IT technologies, ICSs have become connected to the Internet, increasing the potential of cyberattacks. Because ICSs are so tightly linked to human lives, any harm to them could have disastrous implications. As a technique of providing protection, many intrusion detection system (IDS) studies have been conducted. However, because of the complicated network environment and rising means of attack, it is difficult to cover all attack classes, most of the existing classification techniques are hard to deploy in a real environment since they cannot deal with the open set problem. We propose a novel artificial neural network based-methodology to solve this problem. Our suggested method can classify known classes while also detecting unknown classes. We conduct research from two points of view. On the one hand, we use the openmax layer instead of the traditional softmax layer. Openmax overcomes the limitations of softmax, allowing neural networks to detect unknown attack classes. During training, on the other hand, a new loss function termed center loss is implemented to improve detection ability. The neural network model learns better feature representations with the combined supervision of center loss and softmax loss. We evaluate the neural network on NF-BoT-IoT-v2 and Gas Pipeline datasets. The experiments show our proposed method is comparable with the state-of-the-art algorithm in terms of detecting unknown classes. But our method has a better overall classification performance.
Anomaly Detection in Image Datasets Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Center Loss, and Mahalanobis Distance
