Flexible Radio Frequency Bonding Configurations: Theoretical Analysis, Measurements, and Practical Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Soldanels
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flexible Radio

scholarly journals A neutral core of degressively proportional allocations under lexicographic preferences of agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cegiełka ◽  
Piotr Dniestrzański ◽  
Janusz Łyko ◽  
Arkadiusz Maciuk ◽  
Maciej Szczeciński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Lexicographic Preferences ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractOne of the main problems of practical applications of degressively proportional allocations of goods and burdens is lack of uniqueness of this principle. Even under given boundary conditions of allocation, i.e. determined minimal and maximal amounts of a good that can be assigned in a given allocation, there are usually many feasible solutions. The lack of formal rules of allocation is the reason why the allocation is typically a result of negotiations among its agents. A number of allocations favor some of agents or their groups, therefore other agents cannot accept them. The aim of this paper is to indicate a way of reducing the set of all feasible solutions exclusively to those that are neutral to all agents. As a result of the term of lexicographic preference of allocation agents defined on the basis of the relation theory followed by a numerical analysis of sets of all feasible solutions, it is possible to determine a core of this set in the form of a subset of all feasible solutions that are acceptable by all agents. In addition, this subset can be further divided into smaller subsets with regard to the degree of acceptance of their elements. Theoretical analysis is complemented by case studies, one of which is application of this idea to the allocation of seats in the European Parliament among the member states of the European Union.

Applying the four-eyes principle to management decisions in the manufacturing sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R.W. Hiebl
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the application of the four-eyes principle (4EP) to management decisions in large family firms in the manufacturing sector, a heretofore neglected area of business and management research. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical analysis was first conducted of the 4EP in general and its application in family firms based on agency and stewardship theories. A qualitative field study of 15 large Austrian firms from the manufacturing sector with various degrees of family involvement was then conducted to explore how the 4EP is applied in these firms. Findings – From the theoretical analysis, it can be concluded that the 4EP may generally serve as a mechanism to limit agency conflicts. Due to a theoretically lower level of agency conflicts in family firms than in non-family firms, a lower application of the 4EP in family firms can be expected. However, the field study shows that large family firms also regularly adopt the 4EP and that family-managed firms demonstrate a more flexible and opportunistic usage of the 4EP, limiting both its associated downsides and advantages. The present paper further shows that such flexible 4EP usage in family-managed firms may increase their abilities to make quick business decisions and to display high levels of flexibility; however, it may also increase the risk of making suboptimal decisions and experiencing unfavorable managerial behavior as firms grow in size and international activity. Originality/value – This is the first paper to analyze the application of the 4EP in large family firms. Six propositions and a preliminary model of the 4EP in family firms are developed in the paper, which may lead to further research on the practical applications of the 4EP.

scholarly journals A Filterless Frequency 32-Tupling Photonic Scheme To Generate Sub-Terahertz Wave Signal Enabled By Optical Polarization Modulators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqiao Chen ◽  
Xiaorui Liu ◽  
Zhihan Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Suppression Ratio ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Terahertz Wave ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Optical Carrier ◽  
Wave Signal ◽  
Thz Wave

Abstract A novel scheme based on polarization modulators to generate Sub-Terahertz wave (Sub-THz) signal with frequency 32-tupling is proposed. The system consists of two subsystems in cascade, and each subsystem consists of 4 paralleled polarization modulators. In this scheme, by properly controlling two subsystems, an optical signal with optical carrier and ±16th-order optical sidebands is achieved. Next, by adjusting the optical attenuator and optical phase shifter, the optical carrier can be canceled. Finally, the Sub-THz wave with frequency 32-tupling can be obtained after beaten in the photodetector. The results show the ±16th-order optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) is derived as 55.7 dB and the radio frequency sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) of the 32-tupling Sub-THz wave is derived as 43.66 dB, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis very well. Meanwhile, the effects of phase offset, modulation index, and attenuator deviation on suppression ratio are analyzed.

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