Effect of protein type and quantity on growth and development of larval Heliothis zea and Spodoptera exigua and the endoparasitoid Hyposoter exiguae

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken A. Bloem ◽  
Sean S. Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Heliothis Zea

BENOMYL INHIBITION OF COTESIA (= APANTELES) MARGINIVENTRIS1 SURVIVAL IN FOUR LEPIDOPTEROUS HOSTS2

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Teague ◽  
D. L. Horton ◽  
W. C. Yearian ◽  
J. R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pseudoplusia Includens ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Parasite Emergence

Four noctuid larvae, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and S. ornithogalli (Guenee) were reared on semi-synthetic diet in which varying concentrations of the carbamate fungicide benomyl were incorporated. These larvae were exposed to parasitization by Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris (Cresson), and the effect of the fungicide on parasitism and host survival determined. Successful parasite emergence from H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens was significantly reduced (P = 0.01) as benomyl concentration increased. Parasite emergence from S. ornithogalli was reduced, but a significantly significant dosage response was not evident. Implications of these findings, including a possible deleterious effect on natural biological control following benomyl application, are discussed.

Effects of Variable Doses of Permethrin on Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Growth and Development

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Follett
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae reared on artificial diet were treated with permethrin using a topical or dip bioassay at 3, 5, and 7 days post-hatch. Forty-eight-hour survival and weight gain in survivors, percent pupation, and percent adult eclosion were measured in one experiment. Generally, larval weight gain after 48 hours among survivors decreased with increasing dose. A high proportion of individuals surviving after 48 hours went on to pupate and emerge as adults regardless of dose, age, and reduction in growth at 48 hours post-treatment. In a second experiment, pupal and adult weights and development times of larve and pupae were measured after topical treatment of larvae with permethrin. Pupal weights of survivors decreased with increasing dose in all age classes. Adult weights decreased with increasing dose only in the 7-day-old treatment. Development times were protracted with increasing dose in the 5-day-old and 7-day-old treatments, but not the 3-day-old treatment. In both experiments, smaller larvae were more tolerant of permethrin than larger larvae per unit body weight.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

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