Local Anaesthetics. VII. Local Anaesthetic Potency and Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase.

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Chr. Skou.
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Anaesthetic Potency

Labour analgesia: choice of local anaesthetics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Capogna
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Labour Analgesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Potency ◽  
Overall Effectiveness ◽  
Anaesthetic Concentration

In this chapter, the rationale for the choice of commonly used local anaesthetics—racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine—is reviewed, particularly with respect to their potency and differential block. Epidural and spinal dosing for labour analgesia and the role of ‘up–down’ studies to determine the minimum local anaesthetic concentration (MLAC) for labour analgesia is explained. Applying the MLAC model has enabled clinical comparisons at equipotent concentrations and doses. It has also quantified what contribution opioids have on the overall effectiveness of the analgesic mixture, provided a means of optimizing combinations of local anaesthetic–opioid solutions, examined the effect of inter-individual and obstetric variables on local anaesthetic potency, and provided a pharmacological-based rationale for analgesia solutions used for labour analgesia.

scholarly journals The effect of butacaine on adenine nucleotide binding and translocation in rat liver mitochondria

1975 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Fayle ◽  
G J Barritt ◽  
F L Bygrave
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

The effect of the local anaesthetic, butacaine, on adenine nucleotide binding and translocation in rat liver mitochondria partially depleted of their adenine nucleotide content was investigated. The range of butacaine concentrations that inhibit adenine nucleotide translocation and the extent of the inhibition are similar to the values obtained for native mitochondria. Butacaine does not alter either the total number of atractyloside-sensitive binding sites of depleted mitochondria, or the affinity of these sites for ADP or ATP under conditions where a partial inhibition of the rate of adenine nucleotide translocation is observed. The data are consistent with an effect of butacaine on the process by which adenine nucleotides are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane rather than on the binding of adenine nucleotides to sites on the adenine nucleotide carrier. The results are briefly discussed in relation to the use of local anaesthetics in investigations of the mechanism of adenine nucleotide translocation.

Local anaesthetics: Theoretical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110351
Author(s):  
Gareth Allen ◽  
Rebecca Butler
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Minor Surgical Procedures ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Local anaesthetics are frequently used in both primary and secondary care. These agents transiently reduce the nervous conduction of nociceptive signals, reducing sensations of pain. In primary care, local anaesthetics are often used for minor surgical procedures. However, there are other uses for these agents. It is important to understand the issues encountered when using local anaesthetics in primary care. This review will cover clinical use, relevant pharmacology and adverse effects of the different local anaesthetic preparations.

Topical Anaesthesia to Reduce Pain Associated with Carpal Tunnel Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. LAWRENCE ◽  
V. V. DESAI
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Visual Analogue Pain ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Surgery

This randomized, double-blinded study assessed the effectiveness of a topical anaesthetic, eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA), in reducing pain associated with carpal tunnel release performed under local anaesthetic. Fifty-six patients undergoing carpal tunnel release under local anaesthetic were randomized into either EMLA ( n=29) or placebo ( n=27) groups. Visual analogue pain scores were obtained for needle insertion, injection of anaesthetic and surgery itself. Pain scores were significantly less for needle insertion ( P=0.001) and injection of anaesthetic ( P=0.0005). Scores related to surgery were also lower in the EMLA group, but this did not reach statistical significance.

scholarly journals Effect of local anaesthetics on mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Grouselle ◽  
O Tueux ◽  
P Dabadie ◽  
D Georgescaud ◽  
J P Mazat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Potential ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Laser Dye ◽  
Lipophilic Anion

Using the laser dye rhodamine 123, we demonstrated that local anaesthetics can reach mitochondria in cell culture and reversibly decrease, or even collapse, their transmembrane potential. This effect is highly dependent on the lipid-solubility of the local anaesthetic and can be facilitated by the presence of a lipophilic anion.

Comparison of cocaine and lignocaine as intranasal local anaesthetics

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 628-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jonathan ◽  
N. S. Violaris
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents

AbstractThe relative efficacy of Cocaine and Lignocaine as local anaesthetic agents in the nose were compared. Twenty-five patients undergoing bilateral intra-nasal antroscopy under local anaesthetic were used as their own controls when one nasal cavity was anaesthetised with Cocaine and the other with Lignocaine. On 56 per cent of occasions the patients experienced no difference in the level of discomfort. However, on 36 per cent of occasions Cocaine was noted to give better subjective anaesthesia as compared with 8 per cent of occasions when Lignocaine was superior.

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