Novel resistances to four potyviruses in tuber-bearing potato species, and temperature-sensitive expression of hypersensitive resistance to potato virus Y

1997 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P T VALKONEN
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Potato Species

scholarly journals A Test of Taxonomic and Biogeographic Predictivity: Resistance to Potato virus Y in Wild Relatives of the Cultivated Potato

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. K. Cai ◽  
D. M. Spooner ◽  
S. H. Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Level Of Selection ◽  
High Elevations

A major justification for taxonomic research is its assumed ability to predict the presence of traits in a group for which the trait has been observed in a representative subset of the group. Similarly, populations in similar environments are expected to be more alike than populations in divergent environments. Consequently, it is logical to assume that taxonomic relationships and biogeographical data have the power to predict the distribution of disease resistance phenotypes among plant species. The objective of this study was to test predictivity in a group of widely distributed wild potato species, based on hypotheses that closely related organisms (taxonomy) or organisms from similar environments (biogeography) share resistance to a simply inherited trait (Potato virus Y [PVY]). We found that wild potato species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of 1 (a measure of cross compatibility) shared resistances to PVY more than species with different EBN values. However, a large amount of variation was found for resistance to PVY among and within species. We also found that populations from low elevations were more resistant than those from high elevations. Because PVY is vectored by aphids, we speculate that the distribution of aphids may determine the level of selection pressure for PVY resistance.

scholarly journals Role of the methionine cycle in the temperature‐sensitive responses of potato plants to potato virus Y

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Fesenko ◽  
Nadezhda Spechenkova ◽  
Anna Mamaeva ◽  
Antonida V. Makhotenko ◽  
Andrew J. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Methionine Cycle

Comparison of mineral oil, insecticidal and biopesticide spraying regimes for reducing spread of three potato virus Y (PVY) strains in potato crops

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Donald MacKenzie ◽  
Xianzhou Nie ◽  
Mathuresh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response

In-field management of potato virus Y (PVY) faces challenges by changing availability and environmental acceptability of chemical agents to control aphid vectors of the virus, and by proliferation of PVY strains with different symptomology and rates of spread. Over 2018-2020, foliar spray treatments were compared in field experiments in New Brunswick, Canada, to measure effectiveness at reducing spread of PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN strains. Mineral oil, insecticide, combined oil and insecticide spray and a biopesticide (i.e., LifeGard® WG) were compared. Insecticide-only and mineral oil-only were not effective, though several combined oil and insecticide, and biopesticide treatments significantly reduced PVY spread. The biopesticide was proportionately more effective with recombinant PVYN:O and PVYNTN strains, possibly from exciting the plant’s hypersensitive resistance response only caused naturally in cv. Goldrush by PVYO. Pesticide residue analysis showed that mineral oil enhanced the retention of pyrethroid insecticide in the potato foliage longer than with insecticide applied alone, which may explain the beneficial synergistic effect of combined sprays for reducing PVY spread. Tuber yields were generally unchanged in chemical insecticide treatments but were slightly lower in biopesticide treatment. The cost per PVY protection was competitive across all effective treatments, including biopesticide, however, there was some revenue loss from lower yield with the biopesticide. This biopesticide is organic-certified, however, thus a small premium on price for organic production could offset this yield deficit.

scholarly journals Potato Gene Y-1 is an N Gene Homolog That Confers Cell Death Upon Infection with potato virus Y

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Vidal ◽  
Héctor Cabrera ◽  
Robert A. Andersson ◽  
Anna Fredriksson ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
N Gene ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Level

ADG2 is a DNA sequence mapped to a resistance (R) generich region at the distal end of chromosome XI in potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). The gene, in which ADG2 represents the predicted nucleotide-binding domain (NBS), was cloned and characterized. The coding region of the gene (designated as Y-1) is 6,187 bp long and structurally similar to gene N that confers hypersensitive resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana spp. Both belong to the TIR-NBS-LRR class of genes and show 57% identity at the amino acid sequence level. The introns of Y-1 were spliced as predicted from the sequence. Y-1 cosegregated with Ry adg, a gene for extreme resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) on chromosome XI, as tested in a potato-mapping population and with independent potato cultivars. Leaves of the transgenic potato plants expressing Y-1 under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter developed necrotic lesions upon infection with PVY, but no significant resistance was observed, and plants were systemically infected with PVY.

scholarly journals HCPro Suppression of Callose Deposition Contributes to Strain-Specific Resistance Against Potato Virus Y

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawnaq N. Chowdhury ◽  
Danny Lasky ◽  
Hari Karki ◽  
Zongying Zhang ◽  
Aymeric Goyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Callose Formation

Potato virus Y (PVY; Potyviridae) is a continuing challenge for potato production owing to the increasing popularity of strain-specific resistant cultivars. Hypersensitive resistance (HR) is one type of plant defense responses to restrict virus spread. In many potato cultivars, such as cultivar Premier Russet (PR), local necrosis at the site of infection protects against the most common PVYO strain, but the HR often fails to restrain necrotic strains, which spread systemically. Here, we established the role of callose accumulation in the strain-specific resistance responses to PVY infection. We first uncovered that PVY, independent of the strain, is naturally capable of suppressing pathogenesis-related callose formation in a susceptible host. Such activity can be dissociated from viral replication by the transient expression of the viral-encoded helper component proteinase (HCPro) protein, identifying it as the pathogen elicitor. However, unlike the necrotic strain, PVYO and its corresponding HCPro are unable to block callose accumulation in resistant PR potatoes, in which we observed an abundance of callose deposition and the inability of the virus to spread. The substitution of eight amino acid residues within the HCPro C-terminal region that differ between PVYO and PVYN strains and were previously shown to be responsible for eliciting the HR response, are sufficient to restore the ability of HCProO to suppress callose accumulation, despite the resistant host background, in line with a new viral function in pathogenicity.

Potato virus Y biological strain group YD: hypersensitive resistance genes elicited and phylogenetic placement

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Anthony Charles Jones ◽  
Martin John BARBETTI ◽  
Adrian Fox ◽  
Ian Adams
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Strain Group ◽  
White Rose

Potato virus Y (PVY) disrupts healthy seed potato production and causes tuber yield and quality losses globally. Its subdivisions consist of strain groups defined by potato hypersensitive resistance (HR) genes and phylogroups defined by sequencing. When PVY isolate PP was inoculated to potato cultivar differentials with HR genes, the HR phenotype pattern obtained resembled that caused by strain group PVYD isolate KIP1. A complete genome of isolate PP was obtained by high throughput sequencing. After removal of its short terminal recombinant segment, it was subjected to phylogenetic analysis together with 30 complete non-recombinant PVY genomes. It fitted within the same minor phylogroup PVYO3 sub-clade as KIP1. Putative HR gene Nd was proposed previously to explain the unique HR phenotype pattern that developed when differentials were inoculated with PVYD. However, an alternative explanation was that PVYD elicits HR, with HR genes Nc and Ny instead. To establish which gene(s) it elicits, isolates KIP1 and PP were inoculated to F1 potato seedlings from: (i) crossing Kipfler and White Rose with Ruby Lou, and (ii) self-pollinated Desiree and Ruby Lou; where Kipfler is susceptible (S) but White Rose, Desiree and Ruby Lou develop HR. With both isolates, the HR:S segregation ratios obtained fitted 5:1 for Kipfler x Ruby Lou, 11:1 for White Rose x Ruby Lou, and 3:1 for Desiree. Those for Ruby Lou were 68:1 (isolate PP) and 52:0 (isolate KIP1). Since potato is tetraploid, these ratios suggest PVYD elicits HR with Ny from Ruby Lou (duplex condition) and Desiree (simplex condition), and Nc from White Rose (simplex condition), but provide no evidence that Nd exists. Therefore, our differential cultivar inoculations and inheritance studies highlight that PVYD isolates elicit an HR phenotype in potato cultivars with either of two HR genes, Nc or Ny, so putative gene Nd can be discounted. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis placed the complete genome of isolate PP within the same minor phylogroup PVYO3 sub-clade as KIP1 which constitutes the most basal divergence within overall major phylogroup PVYO.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Potato virus Y Required to Overcome or Trigger Hypersensitive Resistance to PVY Strain Group O Controlled by the Gene Ny in Potato

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ping Tian ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Strain Group ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Viral Determinants ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Potato virus Y (PVY) (genus Potyvirus) is the most economically damaging and widely distributed virus in potato. Spread of PVY in the field is controlled by growing resistant cultivars. The dominant potato gene Nytbr for hypersensitive resistance (HR) controls ordinary PVY strains (PVYO) but is overcome by PVYN strains. Studies with infectious PVY chimeras and mutants indicated that the viral determinants necessary and sufficient to overcome Nytbr reside within the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) (residues 227 to 327). Specifically, eight residues and the modeled three-dimensional conformation of this HC-Pro region distinguish PVYN from PVYO strains. According to the model, the conserved IGN and CCCT motifs implicated in potyvirus replication and movement, respectively, are situated in a coiled structure and an α-helix, respectively, within this region in PVYO; however, their locations are reversed in PVYN. Two residues (R269 and K270) are crucial for the predicted PVYO-specific HC-Pro conformation. Two viral chimeras triggered Nytbr and induced veinal necrosis in tobacco, which is novel for PVY. One chimera belonged to strain group PVYE. Our results suggest a structure–function relationship in recognition of PVYO HC-Pro by Nytbr, reveal HC-Pro amino acid signatures specific to PVYO and PVYN, and facilitate identification of PVY strains overcoming Nytbr.

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