Effect of projected climate scenarios on the yields of potato crop and agronomic adaptation options as evaluated by crop growth model

Potato is the most important non-cereal crop in the world and the most prominent winter season crop in India. Growth and yield of potato crop is very much sensitive to higher temperatures and the moisture stress. Hence, the anticipated increase of temperature due to global warming and climatic variability will have anadverse impact on potato production. Keeping this in view, a research work was carried out with the objectives to assess the impact of climate change on potato production and evaluating agronomic adaptation options through a crop growth simulation model (CGSM). Field experiments were carried out to prepare the minimum dataset for calibration and validation of one CGSM, namely InfoCrop. After validation, the model was used to predict the future tuber yield of ten selected stations situated under different agroclimatic regions of the State. In the future scenario 2050, the simulated yield for mid November planted crop likely to be about 11% less than the present level of mean yield. If the crop is planted in December, the percentage of yield reduction may be around 25%.The projected yield reduction, for the stations of higher latitude, is found to be negligible. Three possible agronomic adaptation options, viz., adjustment of date of planting, increase of seed rate and varying sprout length of seed tubers, have been tried as adaptation strategies to combat the adverse effects of climate change. It is concluded that the mid-November planting and longer sprout length will be the best adaptation option. However, the enhanced seed rate is not a viable adaptation option.

Investments in the Sustainable Development of the Potato Sector in Ukraine Based on the Optimal Balance of Production and Consumption

Growing role of potato farming in food security system of the country needs attracting the new investment in preserving and process restructuring of the sector, at scientifically proven approach to defining the optimal scope of potato production, processing, and storage – to avoid the extra stocks, unnecessary losses, and inefficient investment resources at any stage of agri-food chain. Purpose of the study is to justify the conceptual model of investing in development of Ukrainian potato sector, based on calculated optimal structure of balance between potato production and consumption, as well as the effective combination of fresh and processed products, to ensure competitive parameters of potato market in actual market environment. Object of the study is forming and increasing the added value in agri-food chain, due to optimal parameters of balance between potato production and consumption. The study methodology is based on system analysis laws, which allow justifying the competitive parameters of Ukrainian potato sector in varying economic space, thus reducing the unnecessary loss in “producing-processing-transporting-sale-consumption” chain. Use of developed optimization model for potato production/consumption balance, by minimizing the potato residues at the end of year, revealed the extra stock (2.4 million tons) in early 2020, which was unbalanced with consumer demand. Due to inefficient distribution of gross potato yield in Ukraine, conclusion was made on need to reduce investment in overproduction (17.5%) and direct the major investment flows in potato processing industry, increase the export potential, and expand the foreign market boundaries for Ukrainian potato products, semi-finished and fresh products, at ensuring the relevant quality. In this view, authors proposed a conceptual investment model for potato sector of Ukraine, based on optimal balance of potato production and consumption till 2027, which ensures achieving the strategic result in terms of global competition.

Application of Sentinel Images 2-A in Estimation of Potassium in Potatoes

Potato production in Indonesia decreased by 2.43% from 1,314,657 in 2019 and 1,282,768 tons in 2020. One of the causes of the decline in potato production is a lack of potassium. Potassium nutrient deficiency can be caused by fertilization that is not yet precise and is still done conventionally. The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient content of potassium using Sentinel 2-A. This study observed 50 points that were determined through the free grid method. Sentinel 2-A was transformed into GLI, GNDVI, NDVI which is the vegetation index and NDSI, and SAVI which is the soil index. The results showed that plant K correlated with GLI CS index (r = -0,46), NDVI CS (r = -0,48) and NDSI CS (r = -0,46). NDVI CS (R2 =2 3%) is the most accurate index in estimating the nutrient content of Potassium than GLI CS (R2 = 21%) and NDSI CS (R2 = 21%). Based on the results of the plant K regression test and NDVI CS, the regression equation y = 1,8003 + (-0,5716 NDVI CS) was obtained. The results of the validation test showed that the t table (-3.18) > t count (2.15) so that there is a significant difference in the estimation results of potassium with the results of potassium obtained in the field. Based on the results of the validation test which were significantly different, the productivity estimation model could not be used to estimate the potassium nutrient in potatoes.

Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) Value Chains

Tomatoes, onions and potatoes, popularly known as the TOP vegetables, are the three largest cultivated, produced and consumed vegetables in India. Their production has increased dramatically over the years, making India the second-largest producer of all the three vegetables in the world just after China. Recent figures put tomato production at 19 million metric tonnes (MMT), onion production at 22.8 MMT and potato production at 50.2 MMT in 2018–19.

Optimisation of Nutrition of Early-Maturing Potato Varieties on Drip Irrigation in the South of Ukraine

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed

SWEET POTATO CREAM SOUP AS AN ALTERNATIVE HEALTHY BREAKFAST MENU

Breakfast is an important thing for everyone. Breakfast requires a complete nutritional composition. Cream of sweet potato soup is an alternative to a proper healthy meal. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) contains carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fiber, oligosaccharides, and other phytochemicals that are good for health. Sweet potato production is very abundant, but its utilization is not maximal yet. The purpose of this research was to produce sweet potato cream soup. The study was done by experimental method and organoleptic test by using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) method and evaluation of the final product by using a hedonic method. The steps in this study include prescription cream soup analysis, focus group discussion (FGD), trial and evaluation with QDA method, the final product is tested receiving power by using hedonic test. The results showed cream of sweet potato soup has nutritional adequacy as a breakfast menu, has the characteristics of savory, shiny, sweet potato and spice. Cream of sweet potato soup is favored bay panels. Thus cream of sweet potato soup is perfect for a healthy breakfast.

The Role of Crop Protection in Sustainable Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production to Alleviate Global Starvation Problem: An Overview

Among food crops in terms of consumption, potato ranks fourth, most important and valuable crop worldwide in terms of production and area harvested after maize, wheat and rice. In the coming years, potato production must keep pace with global population expansion nutritiously and sustainably which can partially be achieved by reducing the yield losses caused by the destructive pest and disease activities to the crop. The challenge of 70–80% total microbial crop yield loss posed by pathogens must be addressed for sustainable potato production in order to properly alleviate the global starvation problem. Potato as a food security crop can help to achieve the four food security requirements: food availability, quality, accessibility and stability. Health benefits of potato have shown the presence of phytochemicals as well as resistant starch which serve as anticancer and antidiabetic. The role of potato in the global food security should not be over emphasized, hence in this chapter we want to give an overview on the global hunger and food security at present, and the role played by potato as a food security crop. In addition, potato yield losses caused by pests and diseases especially phytopathogens, their etiology and the role of crop protection in sustainable potato production to alleviate global starvation problem will be discussed.

Solanum tuberosum Yield for Selected Countries

This chapter, aimed at analyzing potato yield among selected countries, has seven sections. The panel analysis of potato production and productivity has shown significant differences among countries. The main panel analysis of the random and fixed effect model indicates a negative influence of land size on yield and a positive influence on production. However, using multilevel mixed effect model, some country specific estimates deviate from main model results. In yield and output equations, the influence of land is positive for some countries and negative for others. Improvement of potato productivity is vital for hunger relief and starvation reduction. Even though, area specific analysis can bring in many determinants of potato production and productivity. A detailed analysis can give the right direction for policy makers in their effort to reduce hunger and starvation as well as improve the living standards of people.

Stability of agronomic traits in interspecific hybrid potato clones in the Central Region of European Russia

Background. Yield stability is a necessary trait for sustainable potato production under climate change. Potato breeding is based on crosses between parental lines selected for a set of important traits: productivity, structural yield components, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Data on plant responses to environmental conditions allows breeders to conduct informed selection of plant forms for crossing. The objective of this work was to characterize interspecific potato hybrids in terms of their productivity, yield plasticity and stability in the Central Region of European Russia.Materials and methods. For seven years (2014–2020), 19 hybrids and cv. ‘Favorit’ (reference) were assessed for productivity, number of tubers per plant, mean tuber weight, marketability, and resistance to late blight. Growing conditions were characterized using the hydrothermal coefficient. Environmental sustainability was determined by calculating the parameters of plasticity (bI) and stability (σ2) according to N. P. Sklyarova and V. A. Zharova.Results. Positive and negative anomalies in heat or moisture supply were observed during the test years. The maximum productivity was obtained in 2016, with heavy rainfall and higher temperatures; the minimum, in the hot and dry 2018. For productivity, the effect sizes of the factors “variety” and “year” were 29% and 38%, respectively. Hybrids with yield levels close to cv. ‘Favorit’ were identified: 117-2, 122-29, 99-6-5, 99-1-3, 99-6-6, and 34-5-2003. ‘Favorit’ is an intensive-type cultivar, with low yield stability. Hybrid 135-2-2006, also of the intensive type, had a stable yield, but developed medium-sized tubers and was less productive than other accessions. Hybrid 117-2 is of the extensive type, with medium stability, while hybrids 8-3-2004 and 135-5-2005 demonstrated high environmental plasticity and yield stability.