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Transfersomes are bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipid and edge-activators, which are mostly surfactant.
Transfersomes based drug delivery system has gained a lot of interest of the pharmaceutical researchers for their ability to
improve drug penetration and permeation through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery via transfersomes has the potential
to overcome the challenge of low systemic availability. However, this complex vesicular system has different issues to
consider for developing a successful transdermal delivery system. One of the major ingredients, phospholipid has versatile
sources and variable effect on the vesicle size and drug entrapment in transfersomes. The other one termed as edge-activator
or surfactant has some crucial consideration of skin damage and toxicity depending upon its type and concentration. A
complex interaction between type and concentration of phospholipid and surfactant was observed, which affect the
physicochemical properties of transfersomes. This review focuses on the practical factors related to these two major
ingredients such as phospholipid and surfactant. The origin, purity, desired concentration, the susceptibility of degradation,
etc. are the important factors for selecting phospholipid. Regarding surfactants, the major aspects are type and desired
concentration. A successful development of transfersomes based drug delivery system depends on the proper considerations
of these factors and practical aspects.
Systemic availability of oral verapamil and effect on PR interval in man.
