Applying Transfer Learning Using DenseNet121 in Radiographic Image Classification: تطبيق التعلم بالنقل باستخدام شبكة DenseNet121 في تصنيف الصور الشعاعية

The study aims to apply one of the fully connected convolutional neural networks, DenseNet121 network, to a data sample that includes a large group of radiographs through transfer learning technology. Radiography technology is a very important technique in the medical community to detect diseases and abnormalities that may be present, but the interpretation of these images may take a long time and it is subject to error by radiologists who are exposed to external practical factors (such as fatigue resulting from working for long hours, or exhaustion, or thinking about other life matters). To assist radiologists, we have worked on developing a diagnostic model with the help of a deep learning technique to classify radiographic images into two classes: (Normal and Abnormal images), by transferring the selected deep convolutional neural network between a large group of available networks that we studied on the basis of the regions that possibly abnormalities provided by the radiologists for the study sample. We also studied the feasibility of using the well-known VGG16 model on the same data sample and its performance through transfer learning technology and compared its results with the results of the DenseNet121 network. At the end of the research, we obtained a set of good results, which achieved a high diagnostic accuracy of 87.5% in some studied cases, using the DenseNet121 network model, which is considered satisfactory results in the case studied compared to the performance of other models. As for the VGG16 model, it did not give any of the satisfactory results in this field, the accuracy of the classification did not exceed 55% in most cases, and in only two cases it reached about 60% and 62%. The model presented during the research - DenseNet121 model - can be used in the diagnostic process and help in obtaining accurate results in terms of diagnostic results. As for the VGG16 model, it does not give satisfactory results according to the results also obtained during the research, so it is excluded in this type of applications.

A Remark on the Bank Cases

Since their formulation by Keith DeRose (1992), the so-called bank cases have played a major role in the discussion about whether knowledge depends on practical factors. According to the proponents of pragmatic encroachment, the proper conclusion to be drawn from the bank cases and similar examples is that knowledge of a proposition p does not supervene on one’s evidence for or against p. In my view, this conclusion is ill-founded. The reason is that the bank cases and similar examples suffer from an ambiguity concerning the known proposition — an ambiguity that has so far been overlooked. When this ambiguity is made explicit, it becomes clear that the conclusion does not follow.

TRENDS IN THE DESIGN AND BUILDING OF LVIV IN THE XIX-EARLY XX CENTURY

The central part of Lviv was formed over several centuries and in several stages. Favourable demographic, economic and political prerequisites in the XIX-XX centuries positively influenced the quantitative and qualitative state of urban homes. Demolition of defensive walls, the formation of a new citywide centre, measures to improve the central part of the city, regulate the street network, and increase the population are the main factors that underlie the planning and development of the city. The city was actively built up. Most of the houses were profitable. These are buildings that brought profit to their owners through rented premises and commercial parterre floors. The modern architecture of Lviv is developing under the influence of tourist infrastructure and the ordinary household needs of Lviv residents. The urban space of the central part of modern Lviv needs to be regularly updated to perform functions that are dictated by time. It is also important to preserve the existing historical centre that attracts tourists, represents the historical value and pride of the country. Professional implementation of projects requires a detailed study and analysis of the existing architecture. Since the second half of the XIX century, the development of houses parallel to the main roads of the city became popular. Dense buildings spread in concentric circles from the city centre and gradually replaced low-rise buildings in the peripheral part of the city. During this period, housing construction is carried out on a large scale. These are mostly two- or three-story houses, often with a courtyard. The size and configuration of the houses were dictated by technical capabilities, existing buildings and streets. The sites often had a complex shape, the development was carried out already in the conditions of reconstruction, which significantly complicated the solution of new projects. The houses had rectangular forms of plans, the dimensions of which averaged 400 m2 until the end of the XIX century. During the twentieth century, slightly larger plots – 570 m2 – were already allocated for construction. The built-up area on the plots ranged from 30 to 87 per cent. The density of buildings was dictated by both economic and practical factors that are relevant even today. The houses were distinguished by interesting planning solutions with a thorough set of architectural details both in the exterior and in the interior. The range of rooms includes dining rooms, offices, boudoirs, bathrooms, corridors and storerooms. During the nineteenth century, in the decisions of facades dominated Italian neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque; in the twentieth century – secession. The style solution was based on the choice of details that were prototypes of classical architectural images. The architecture of Lviv of the XIX-XX centuries represents a wide range of artistic interpretations. The study of houses built during this period reveals both their development and the transformation of spatial planning, compositional and stylistic solutions. The necessary formative periods of historicism opened up new angles for the development of subsequent stylistic trends in the following years. The experience of architects, which is connected with the historical past of Lviv, testifies to the significant importance and place of the architecture of the XIX-XX centuries for the further development and development of the city.

Optimizing reaction coordinate by flux maximization in the transition path ensemble

Transition path ensemble is a collection of reactive trajectories, all of which largely keep going forward along the transition channel from the reactant state to the product one, and is believed to possess the information necessary for the identification of reaction coordinate. Previously, the full coordinates (both position and momentum) of the snapshots in the transition path ensemble were utilized to obtain the reaction coordinate (J. Chem. Phys. 2016, 144, 114103; J. Chem. Phys. 2018, 148, 084105). Here, with the conformational (or position) coordinates alone, it is demonstrated that the reaction coordinate can be optimized by maximizing the flux of a given coordinate in the transition path ensemble. In the application to alanine dipeptide in vacuum, dihderal angles ϕ and θ were identified to be the two best reaction coordinates, which was consistent with the results in existing studies. A linear combination of these two coordinates gave a better reaction coordinate, which is highly correlated with committor. Most importantly, the method obtained a linear combination of pairwise distances between heavy atoms, which was highly correlated with committor as well. The standard deviation of committor at the transition region defined by the optimized reaction coordinate is as small as 0.08. In addition, the effects of practical factors, such as the choice of transition path sub-ensembles and saving interval between frames in transition paths, on reaction coordinate optimization were also considered.

Technologies for investigating large ensemble performance

Empirical research into large ensemble performance has crossed many disciplinary boundaries from music education to management studies, and has included the investigation of musicians’ interpersonal coordination and communication, group creativity and decision-making, conductors’ gestures, group musical expression, the social organization of large groups and their leadership, audience perceptions of performances, the individual and social benefits of participation, and rehearsal practices. However, there are still relatively few empirical studies of large ensemble performance, due to the social and practical factors that make it challenging to collect research data from large numbers of people engaged in a complex musical activity. Technological developments have increasingly expanded the research methods available to include sophisticated audio capture and analysis, web-based video-stimulated recall, and motion capture. This chapter discusses the challenges faced by researchers investigating large ensembles and describes some of the technological solutions that are opening up new avenues for data collection and analysis.

Responsabilidade Social: Uma Abordagem centrada em Universidades Públicas Brasileiras / Social Responsibility: An Approach Centered on Brazilian Public Universities

Resumo: As universidades têm a atribuição de formar cidadãos responsáveis e éticos, de forma que contribuam com o desenvolvimento sustentável e resolução de problemas sociais. Nesta esteira, a responsabilidade social no ambiente universitário viabiliza a construção de ações que impactam a sociedade favorecendo a inclusão social, melhoria na qualidade de vida e outros benefícios. Diante desse cenário, busca-se nesta pesquisa responder ao seguinte questionamento: qual a importância da responsabilidade social nas universidades? E para responder a essa indagação, o artigo apresenta como objetivo geral: identificar qual a importância da responsabilidade social no ambiente universitário, e como objetivos específicos (1) compreender fatores históricos e práticos que favorecem a aplicabilidade da responsabilidade social nas universidades; (2) identificar os desafios na aplicabilidade de responsabilidade social; (3) analisar as características fundamentais da responsabilidade social. Quanto à metodologia aplicada, o artigo foi construído por meio de uma análise sistemática da literatura que permitiu realizar uma revisão teórica e conceitual, em seguida, houve a discussão da literatura, considerações finais e referencial teórico. Os Resultados revelam que a Responsabilidade Social Universitária possui muitos desafios a serem enfrentados e que o espaço universitário precisa ser fortalecido para que proporcione à sociedade indivíduos com capacidade técnica capaz de resolver problemas sociais. Abstract: Universities are responsible for training responsible and ethical citizens, so that they contribute to sustainable development and the resolution of social problems. In this way, social responsibility in the university environment enables the construction of actions that impact society, favoring social inclusion, improved quality of life and other benefits. Given this scenario, the aim of this research is to answer the following question: what is the importance of social responsibility in universities? And to answer this question, the article presents the general objective: to identify the importance of social responsibility in the university environment, and as specific objectives (1) understand historical and practical factors that favor the applicability of social responsibility in universities; (2) identify challenges in the applicability of social responsibility; (3) analyze the fundamental characteristics of social responsibility. As for the methodology applied, the article was built through a systematic analysis of the literature that allowed for a theoretical and conceptual review, then there was a discussion of the literature, final considerations and theoretical framework. The Results reveal that University Social Responsibility has many challenges to be faced and that the university space needs to be strengthened so that it provides society with individuals with technical capacity capable of solving social problems. Keywords: Social Inclusion. Social development. Quality of life. Social justice.

A Comparative Study of Health Services’ Management of Adolescents and Youth in Selected Developed Countries and Iran: Developing a Model for Iran

Introduction: Nowadays, adolescent and youth’s health has become increasingly important. The world health organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of evaluating the structure, process, and outcome of health services. This study was conducted to design a health services’ management of adolescents and youth model for the Iranian population, to improve young people's health. Method: This study is a comparative, quantitative-qualitative study. Countries were selected by comparing adolescent and youth health indicators based on population and availability of information. By studying the health services’ management of adolescents and youth, essential variables and dimensions in the initial model were identified, and a preliminary questionnaire was developed and approved by experts. One hundred seventy-eight final questionnaires were completed by experts. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the practical factors (SPSS 20), and the model’s fit was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (Amos 24). Results: A total of 6 factors were identified as effective in health services’ management of adolescents and youth, including, health service package, human resources, financial resources, equipment and services’ provision, data & statistics information resources, and health service delivery management of adolescents and youth, With a maximum 0.97 operating load had the highest and equipment and services’ provision (0.53), had the least impact. Conclusion: The proposed model has the most significant impact on the management of health services’ management of adolescents and youth components.

Peddling for Profit

Chapter 5 moves to the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, where the entrepreneurial spirit and penchant for spectacle led to some of the most significant and idiosyncratic recuperations of Doré’s work and the most compelling evidence for the critical place biblical imagery has maintained in modern life. A combination of practical factors (the lack of international copyright laws, for instance, and the highly successful tour of works from the Doré Gallery) led to widespread appropriation of Doré’s imagery in a plethora of contexts, including traditional media such as stained glass and book illustration, as well as more recent developments such as the magic lantern. In the United States, the proliferation of Christian denominations and capitalist culture alike are uniquely bound up with the circulation of Doré’s images.

Building Community Resilience via Developing Community Capital toward Sustainability: Experiences from a Hakka Settlement in Taiwan

Developing community capital is widely viewed as a way to address community resilience-related issues toward sustainability. Based on a Taiwanese, peri-urban, Hakka settlement, this article presents findings on the practical factors in the development of community capital via farm-to-table and community care, and their implications for a resilient, healthy community. It shows that community capital arising from the pond farming, pond education, and community service systems can interact to support its diversity and linkability. The pond-based social network is identified as the key to mitigating the impacts of community challenges regarding food safety concerns, environmental degradation, and aging population. It argues that the pond-based food landscape, communal network, and a borderless campus can enhance community capital as well as play significant parts in achieving community sustainability by promoting residents’ health and well-being.

Investigation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relationship with mental health in nurses: a descriptive-analytical study

Introduction: The effect of musculoskeletal disorders and their relationship with mental health in nurses has been less studied. Due to the need to find practical factors to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, the present study conduct to determine the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and mental health in nurses in Iranshahr. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study conducted in 2016-2017. A total of 334 nurses were enrolled in the study by the census. Data collection tools were demographic form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21), and Nordic Questionnaire, complete as a self-report. The instruments used after psychometrics. Data analysis performed using descriptive analysis, regression test using SPSS software version 19. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders in the back (69.2%) were among nurses' most common disorders. Also, 37.4% of nurses were depressed, 36.2% were anxious, and 52.7% were stressed. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders with depression, anxiety, and stress in nurses (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the above results, it founded that nurses have experienced degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress that can play a role in the development of skeletal disorders; therefore, immunization training methods are recommended to nurses to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, which in turn can help reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.