scholarly journals Towards a better understanding of AQP4′s role in astrocytic process extension

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-438
Author(s):  
Daniel Kai Long Tham ◽  
Hakima Moukhles
Keyword(s):  
Astrocytic Process

scholarly journals Aquaporin-4 Surface Trafficking Regulates Astrocytic Process Motility and Synaptic Activity in Health and Autoimmune Disease

Cell Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 3860-3872.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ciappelloni ◽  
Delphine Bouchet ◽  
Nadège Dubourdieu ◽  
Eric Boué-Grabot ◽  
Blanka Kellermayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Astrocytic Process

Long-lasting synaptic regulation of dopamine neurons by astrocytes in the Ventral Tegmental Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Requie ◽  
Marta Gómez-Gonzalo ◽  
Francesca Managò ◽  
Mauro Congiu ◽  
Marcello Melone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Dopamine Neuron ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Astrocytic Process ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

Abstract The plasticity of glutamatergic transmission in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) represents a fundamental mechanism in the modulation of dopamine neuron burst firing and the phasic dopamine release at VTA target regions. These processes encode basic behavioral responses, including locomotor activity, learning and motivated-behaviors. Here we describe a hitherto unidentified mechanism of long-lasting potentiation of glutamatergic synapses on DA neurons. We found that VTA astrocytes respond to dopamine neuron bursts with Ca2+ elevations that require activation of endocannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors colocalized at the same astrocytic process. Astrocytes, in turn, release glutamate that, through presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor activation coupled with neuronal nitric oxide production, induces long-lasting potentiation of excitatory synapses on adjacent dopamine neurons. Consistent with this finding, selective activation of VTA astrocytes increases dopamine neuron bursts in vivo and induces locomotor hyperactivity. Astrocytes play, therefore, a key role in the modulation of VTA dopamine neuron activity.

Spatiotemporal model of tripartite synapse with perinodal astrocytic process

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhunlyn Lorenzo ◽  
Roman Vuillaume ◽  
Stéphane Binczak ◽  
Sabir Jacquir
Keyword(s):  
Astrocytic Process ◽  
Tripartite Synapse ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model

High-fat diet suppresses the astrocytic process arborization and downregulates the glial glutamate transporters in the hippocampus of mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1700 ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Feng Tsai ◽  
Hung-Tsung Wu ◽  
Pei-Chun Chen ◽  
Yun-Wen Chen ◽  
Megan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Astrocytic Process

scholarly journals Amyloid pathology disrupts gliotransmitter release in astrocytes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup G. Pillai ◽  
Suhita Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Astrocytic Process ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Rapid Modulation ◽  
Hippocampal Astrocytes ◽  
Important Evidence

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is associated with synchronous hyperactivity and dysregulated Ca2+ signaling in hippocampal astrocytes. However, the consequences of altered Ca2+ signaling on the temporal dynamics of Ca2+ and gliotransmitter release events at astrocytic microdomains are not known. We have developed a detailed biophysical model of microdomain signaling at a single astrocytic process that accurately describes key temporal features of Ca2+ events and Ca2+-mediated kiss-and-run and full fusion exocytosis. Using this model, we ask how aberrant plasma-membrane Ca2+ pumps and mGluR activity, molecular hallmarks of Aβ toxicity that are also critically involved in Ca2+ signaling, modify astrocytic feedback at a tripartite synapse. We show that AD related molecular pathologies increase the rate and synchrony of Ca2+ and exocytotic events triggered by neuronal activity. Moreover, temporal precision between Ca2+ and release events, a mechanism indispensable for rapid modulation of synaptic transmission by astrocytes, is lost in AD astrocytic processes. Our results provide important evidence on the link between AD-related molecular pathology, dysregulated calcium signaling and gliotransmitter release at an astrocytic process.

scholarly journals Astrocytic Process Plasticity and IKKβ/NF-κB in Central Control of Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Body Weight

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1102.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Zhang ◽  
Judith M. Reichel ◽  
Cheng Han ◽  
Juan Pablo Zuniga-Hertz ◽  
Dongsheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Astrocytic Process

774 Twisted profile of glial fibrillary tangles in the astrocytic process in brains with Alzheimer-type dementia

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. S192
Author(s):  
K. Arima ◽  
Y. Izumiyama ◽  
M. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Astrocytic Process ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Tangles

Astrocytic and synaptic response to kindling in hippocampal subfield CA1. II. Synaptogenesis and astrocytic process increases to in vivo kindling

1993 ◽  
Vol 603 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hawrylak ◽  
Fen-Lei F. Chang ◽  
William T. Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Response ◽  
Astrocytic Process

scholarly journals Focal adhesion molecules regulate astrocyte morphology and glutamate transporters to suppress seizure-like behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (44) ◽  
pp. 11316-11321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhee Cho ◽  
Allie K. Muthukumar ◽  
Tobias Stork ◽  
Jaeda C. Coutinho-Budd ◽  
Marc R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Behavioral Recovery ◽  
Astrocytic Process ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Circuit Function

Astrocytes are important regulators of neural circuit function and behavior in the healthy and diseased nervous system. We screened for molecules in Drosophila astrocytes that modulate neuronal hyperexcitability and identified multiple components of focal adhesion complexes (FAs). Depletion of astrocytic Tensin, β-integrin, Talin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1), resulted in enhanced behavioral recovery from genetic or pharmacologically induced seizure. Overexpression of Mmp1, predicted to activate FA signaling, led to a reciprocal enhancement of seizure severity. Blockade of FA-signaling molecules in astrocytes at basal levels of CNS excitability resulted in reduced astrocytic coverage of the synaptic neuropil and expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT1. However, induction of hyperexcitability after depletion of FA-signaling components resulted in enhanced astrocyte coverage and an approximately twofold increase in EAAT1 levels. Our work identifies FA-signaling molecules as important regulators of astrocyte outgrowth and EAAT1 expression under normal physiological conditions. Paradoxically, in the context of hyperexcitability, this pathway negatively regulates astrocytic process outgrowth and EAAT1 expression, and their blockade leading to enhanced recovery from seizure.

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