scholarly journals Discontinuities in the endothelium of epiphyseal cartilage canals and relevance to joint disease in foals

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Risnes Hellings ◽  
Stina Ekman ◽  
Kjell Hultenby ◽  
Nils Ivar Dolvik ◽  
Kristin Olstad
Keyword(s):  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cartilage Canals

Immunocytochemical demonstration of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the porcine epiphyseal cartilage canals

Neuropeptides ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H Strange-Vognsen ◽  
J Arnbjerg ◽  
J Hannibal
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cartilage Canals

Osteochondrosis of the Articular-Epiphyseal Cartilage Complex in Young Horses: Evidence for a Defect in Cartilage Canal Blood Supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Carlson ◽  
L. D. Cullins ◽  
D. J. Meuten
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Canals ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Extensive Involvement

The objectives of this study were to determine in horses 1) the ages at which viable cartilage canal vessels are present in the articular–epiphyseal cartilage complex of three predilection sites and one nonpredilection site of osteochondrosis (OC), 2) the prevalence of lesions of OC in these sites, and 3) whether there was an association of lesions of OC with necrotic cartilage canal blood vessels. The medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral trochlear ridge, and distal ends of the tibia and proximal phalanx were examined grossly, microradiographically, and histologically in 35 horses 18 months old or younger. Cartilage canals containing patent blood vessels were present in all sites examined in foals less than 3 weeks old and were absent from all sites by 7 months of age. The overall prevalence of lesions of OC at one or more of the sites examined was 12/35 (34%). Prevalence increased to 11/22 (50%) in horses 2 months old and older. These lesions occurred primarily in the medial condyle of the femur ( n = 5) and the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia ( n = 5). All lesions seen in horses between 3 weeks and 5 months of age were associated with necrotic cartilage canal blood vessels. In horses 7 months of age and older, lesions of OC were considered chronic because of extensive involvement of the subchondral bone and bone marrow. These results suggest that OC lesions develop prior to 7 months of age and that ischemic necrosis of cartilage secondary to a defect in vascular supply is an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease in horses.

scholarly journals Septic Arthritis/Osteomyelitis May Lead to Osteochondrosis-Like Lesions in Foals

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Wormstrand ◽  
Liv Østevik ◽  
Stina Ekman ◽  
Kristin Olstad
Keyword(s):  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Growth Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Canals ◽  
Predisposing Genes ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Equine Osteochondrosis

Failure of the cartilage canal blood supply leads to ischemic chondronecrosis which causes osteochondrosis, and osteochondral lesions. Osteochondrosis is a disease with a heritable component and usually occurs under aseptic conditions. Because bacteria can bind to growth cartilage and disrupt the blood supply in pigs and chickens, we considered whether this might play a role in development of equine osteochondrosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether bacteria are present in canals in the growth cartilage of foals with septic arthritis/osteomyelitis, and whether this is associated with osteochondrosis. The material consisted of 7 foals aged 9-117 days euthanized because of septic arthritis/osteomyelitis. The 7 cases had 16 lesions in growth cartilage that were evaluated histologically. Bacteria were present in cartilage canals in foals with septic arthritis/osteomyelitis. Portions of necrotic canals adjacent to bacteria frequently contained neutrophils, termed acute septic canals; or granulation tissue with neutrophils, termed chronic septic canals. Acute and chronic septic canals were associated with ischemic chondronecrosis in the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) of 5 cases and in the physis of 2 cases, and ossification was focally delayed in 5 of those 7 cases. Lesions occurred with and without adjacent osteomyelitis. Bacteria were present in cartilage canals and were associated with focal chondronecrosis in both the AECC and the physis. This establishes sepsis as a plausible cause of some osteochondral lesions in horses. It is recommended that horses with sepsis-related osteochondral lesions may be used for breeding without increasing the prevalence of OCD-predisposing genes in the population.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Basal Lamina Components in the Developing Rat Epiphyseal Cartilage Canals

1992 ◽  
Vol &NA; (279) ◽  
pp. 292???298
Author(s):  
KOICHI KAI ◽  
UTSUMASA TAKAGI ◽  
KEN-ICHI IYAMA ◽  
MITSUHIKO KITAOKA ◽  
HIDEKATSU YOSHIOKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Canals ◽  
Developing Rat

scholarly journals Degeneration of Cartilage Canal Vessels Associated With Lesions of Osteochondrosis in Swine

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Carlson ◽  
H. D. Hilley ◽  
D. J. Meuten
Keyword(s):  
Distal Femur ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Pericellular Matrix ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Cartilage Canals ◽  
Flocculent Material

Articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes from the distal femur and humerus of five 3-month-old pigs were collected and preserved using either a conventional or a ruthenium hexammine trichloride (RHT)-supplemented fixation technique. Lesions were similar regardless of the fixation technique. Areas of necrosis were in epiphyseal but not articular cartilage from both sites of all pigs. Cartilage canals were confined to epiphyseal cartilage and contained vessels which had endothelial cells in varying stages of degeneration and necrosis. Areas of necrotic cartilage often were adjacent to or surrounded degenerate cartilage canals. Lipid emboli (up to 40.0 γm in diameter) were infrequently located in vessels within cartilage canals. Associated with the lipid emboli were leukocytes, erythrocytes, necrotic cell remnants, and flocculent material. Restriction of necrosis to epiphyseal cartilage and the association of these necrotic areas with degenerating vessels in cartilage canals strongly implicate a defect in cartilage canal blood supply in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. The RHT fixation technique resulted in excellent cellular detail at the light microscopic level, but ultrastructurally there was marked vacuolation of chondrocytes and matrix. The conventional technique caused shrinkage of all chondrocytes, resulting in a wide halo of pericellular matrix surrounding each cell.

Effects of EDTA, Hyaluronidase and Collagenase on Epiphyseal Cartilage Matrix

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
H. Clarke Anderson ◽  
Priscilla R. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

Epiphyseal cartilage matrix contains fibrils and particles of at least 5 different types: 1. Banded collagen fibrils, present throughout the matrix, but not seen in the lacunae. 2. Non-periodic fine fibrils <100Å in diameter (Fig. 1), which are most notable in the lacunae, and may represent immature collagen. 3. Electron dense matrix granules (Fig. 1) which are often attached to fine fibrils and collagen fibrils, and probably contain protein-polysaccharide although the possibility of a mineral content has not been excluded. 4. Matrix vesicles (Fig. 2) which show a selective distribution throughout the epiphysis, and may play a role in calcification. 5. Needle-like apatite crystals (Fig. 2).Blocks of formalin-fixed epiphysis from weanling mice were digested with the following agents in 0.1M phosphate buffer: a) 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at pH 8.3, b) 0.015% bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Sigma, type IV, 750 units/mg) at pH 5.5, and c) 0.1% collagenase (Worthington, chromatograhically pure, 200 units/mg) at pH 7.4. All digestions were carried out at 37°C overnight. Following digestion tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine changes in the various fibrils and particles of the matrix.

Apportionment of Impairment from Meniscal Tears and Knee Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Knee Arthritis ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Causation Analysis

Abstract Meniscal tears and osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis, degenerative arthritis, or degenerative joint disease) are two of the most common conditions involving the knee. This article includes definitions of apportionment and causes; presents a case report of initial and recurrent tears of the medial meniscus plus osteoarthritis (OA) in the medial compartment of the knee; and addresses questions regarding apportionment. The authors, experienced impairment raters who are knowledgeable regarding the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), show that, when instructions on impairment rating are incomplete, unclear, or inconsistent, interrater reliability diminishes (different physicians may derive different impairment estimates). Accurate apportionment of impairment is a demanding task that requires detailed knowledge of causation for the conditions in question; the mechanisms of injury or extent of exposures; prior and current symptoms, functional status, physical findings, and clinical study results; and use of the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides. Sometimes the available data are incomplete, requiring the rating physician to make assumptions. However, if those assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the medical literature and facts of the case, if the causation analysis is plausible, and if the examiner follows impairment rating instructions in the AMA Guides (or at least uses a rational and hence defensible method when instructions are suboptimal), the resulting apportionment should be credible.

Bone and joint disease

BDJ ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
A D Wright
Keyword(s):  
Joint Disease

3. Degenerative joint disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (3B) ◽  
pp. s67-s72
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Brander ◽  
Darryl L. Kaelin ◽  
Terry H. Oh ◽  
Peter A.C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease
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