scholarly journals A novel sweet potato potyvirus open reading frame (ORF) is expressed via polymerase slippage and suppresses RNA silencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Untiveros ◽  
Allan Olspert ◽  
Katrin Artola ◽  
Andrew E. Firth ◽  
Jan F. Kreuze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Polymerase Slippage

The p27 open reading frame of tomato infectious chlorosis virus encodes a suppressor of RNA silencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Mashiko ◽  
Wei-Qin Wang ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Gede Suastica ◽  
Yutaro Neriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Tomato Infectious Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Suppressor Of Rna Silencing

scholarly journals Evidence That RNA Silencing-Mediated Resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Is Less Effective in Roots Than in Leaves

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Tetsuo Tamada
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Polymyxa Betae ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Reading Frame

In plants, RNA silencing is part of a defense mechanism against virus infection but there is little information as to whether RNA silencing-mediated resistance functions similarly in roots and leaves. We have obtained transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants encoding the coat protein readthrough domain open reading frame (54 kDa) of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), which either showed a highly resistant or a recovery phenotype following foliar rub-inoculation with BNYVV. These phenotypes were associated with an RNA silencing mechanism. Roots of the resistant plants that were immune to foliar rub-inoculation with BNYVV could be infected by viruliferous zoospores of the vector fungus Polymyxa betae, although virus multiplication was greatly limited. In addition, virus titer was reduced in symptomless leaves of the plants showing the recovery phenotype, but it was high in roots of the same plants. Compared with leaves of silenced plants, higher levels of transgene mRNAs and lower levels of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) accumulated in roots. Similarly, in nontransgenic plants inoculated with BNYVV, accumulation level of viral RNA-derived siRNAs in roots was lower than in leaves. These results indicate that the RNA silencing-mediated resistance to BNYVV is less effective in roots than in leaves.

scholarly journals The P1N-PISPOtrans-Frame Gene of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Potyvirus Is Produced during Virus Infection and Functions as an RNA Silencing Suppressor

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3543-3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ares Mingot ◽  
Adrián Valli ◽  
Bernardo Rodamilans ◽  
David San León ◽  
David C. Baulcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rna Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Polymerase Slippage

ABSTRACTThe positive-sense RNA genome ofSweet potato feathery mottle virus(SPFMV) (genusPotyvirus, familyPotyviridae) contains a large open reading frame (ORF) of 3,494 codons translatable as a polyprotein and two embedded shorter ORFs in the −1 frame: PISPO, of 230 codons, and PIPO, of 66 codons, located in the P1 and P3 regions, respectively. PISPO is specific to some sweet potato-infecting potyviruses, while PIPO is present in all potyvirids. In SPFMV these two extra ORFs are preceded by conserved G2A6motifs. We have shown recently that a polymerase slippage mechanism at these sites could produce transcripts bringing these ORFs in frame with the upstream polyprotein, thus leading to P1N-PISPO and P3N-PIPO products (B. Rodamilans, A. Valli, A. Mingot, D. San Leon, D. B. Baulcombe, J. J. Lopez-Moya, and J.A. Garcia, J Virol 89:6965–6967, 2015, doi:10.1128/JVI.00337-15). Here, we demonstrate by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry that both P1 and P1N-PISPO are produced during viral infection and coexist in SPFMV-infectedIpomoea batatasplants. Interestingly, transient expression of SPFMV gene products coagroinfiltrated with a reporter gene inNicotiana benthamianarevealed that P1N-PISPO acts as an RNA silencing suppressor, a role normally associated with HCPro in other potyviruses. Moreover, mutation of WG/GW motifs present in P1N-PISPO abolished its silencing suppression activity, suggesting that the function might require interaction with Argonaute components of the silencing machinery, as was shown for other viral suppressors. Altogether, our results reveal a further layer of complexity of the RNA silencing suppression activity within thePotyviridaefamily.IMPORTANCEGene products of potyviruses include P1, HCPro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg/NIaPro, NIb, and CP, all derived from the proteolytic processing of a large polyprotein, and an additional P3N-PIPO product, with the PIPO segment encoded in a different frame within the P3 cistron. In sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), another out-of-frame element (PISPO) was predicted within the P1 region. We have shown recently that a polymerase slippage mechanism can generate the transcript variants with extra nucleotides that could be translated into P1N-PISPO and P3N-PIPO. Now, we demonstrate by mass spectrometry analysis that P1N-PISPO is indeed produced in SPFMV-infected plants, in addition to P1. Interestingly, while in other potyviruses the suppressor of RNA silencing is HCPro, we show here that P1N-PISPO exhibited this activity in SPFMV, revealing how the complexity of the gene content could contribute to supply this essential function in members of thePotyviridaefamily.

Translation of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein from bicistronic mRNA is independent of splicing events within the E6 open reading frame.

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 7023-7031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Stacey ◽  
D Jordan ◽  
P J Snijders ◽  
M Mackett ◽  
J M Walboomers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
E7 Oncoprotein ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Bicistronic Mrna

scholarly journals The cDNA for rat selenoprotein P contains 10 TGA codons in the open reading frame

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (16) ◽  
pp. 10050-10053
Author(s):  
K.E. Hill ◽  
R.S. Lloyd ◽  
J.G. Yang ◽  
R. Read ◽  
R.F. Burk
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Reading Frame

scholarly journals Human cytomegalovirus open reading frame US28 encodes a functional beta chemokine receptor.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (46) ◽  
pp. 28539-28542
Author(s):  
J L Gao ◽  
P M Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame
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