scholarly journals Covert Movement in Multiple‐ Wh Questions: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Syntax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Ur Shlonsky ◽  
Sandra Villata ◽  
Julie Franck
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions

scholarly journals Intervention, covert movement, and focus computation in multiple wh-questions

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hadas Kotek
Keyword(s):  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions

Intervention, covert movement, and focus computation in multiple wh-questions

scholarly journals Covert movement in English probing wh-questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
An Duy Nguyen ◽  
Géraldine Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Acceptability Judgment ◽  
Syntactic Difference ◽  
Probing Questions ◽  
Echo Questions

Besides fronted information-seeking questions, English also allows for two types of wh-in-situ ones: echo questions, which are used to request a repetition or a clarification of a previous utterance, and probing questions, which are often used in quiz shows, classroom settings, and child-directed speech to “prompt” the addressee for an answer. An acceptability judgment task shows that PQs with multiple wh-phrases get a significantly lower acceptability score than echo questions with multiple wh-phrases despite their similarity in surface structure, which suggests a syntactic difference below the surface. Independent syntactic evidence confirms the result and further suggests that while echo questions involve no syntactic movement (Dayal, 1996), probing questions involve covert wh-movement.

Japanese wh-phrases as operators with unspecified quantificational force

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Saito
Keyword(s):  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Unselective Binding ◽  
Existential Quantification ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
Operator Variable ◽  
Probe Particles

Abstract Japanese wh-expressions appear in various kinds of operator-variable structures, including wh-questions and sentences with universal and existential quantification. The nature of the operator-variable relation is determined by an associated particle, such as the question marker ka or the universal particle mo. Given this, it has been widely assumed since Kuroda (1965) that the wh-expressions are to be interpreted as variables bound by those quantificational particles. This paper argues against this prevailing view by proposing that these wh-expressions are operators with unspecified quantificational force. Building on an insight by Nishigauchi (1990), I argue that they must covertly move to positions that allow them to probe particles and to acquire specific quantificational forces from them. I demonstrate that this analysis captures the main properties of Japanese wh-expressions as well as the differences between them and their Chinese counterparts. Huang (1982) proposed a covert movement analysis for argument wh-phrases in Chinese, which was extended to Japanese, for example, in Lasnik & Saito (1984) and Richards (2001). But Tsai (1999) has convincingly shown that they are subject to unselective binding and are interpreted in situ as variables. If the analysis for Japanese in this paper is correct, it shows that Huang’s approach can be – and should be – maintained for wh-phrases in Japanese with some refinements.

scholarly journals Intervention Effects follow from Scope Rigidity in Turkish

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 082
Author(s):  
Ömer Demirok
Keyword(s):  
Robust Method ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
General Restriction

Intervention effects in Turkish wh-questions can be obviated by the overt movement of the wh-phrase past the intervener. This cross-linguistically robust method of intervention obviation raises an important question: what is it that bans the covert movement of the wh-phrase? I argue that this question finds a natural answer in Scope Rigidity, a general restriction on the availability of inverse scope. Importantly, including wh-phrases in the domain of Scope Rigidity calls for a scopal account of wh-phrases. I argue that this general approach has welcome consequences in explaining the source of intervention effects and in predicting what can intervene, and can even accommodate how extraction islands containing wh-phrases behave in intervention configurations.

scholarly journals The periphery of vP in the theory of wh-in situ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Bonan
Keyword(s):  
Language Family ◽  
Internal Focus ◽  
Covert Movement ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Question Formation ◽  
Focus Movement ◽  
Economic Understanding

This article outlines an implementation of Cable’s (2010) Grammar of Q that takes into account the role played by the periphery of vP, hitherto unexplored in this framework. Empirically, what I offer is a new example, in a new language family, of a known manifestation of wh-in situ: I indeed argue that Trevisan, a Northern Italian dialect, displays compulsory clause-internal focus movement of both wh-elements and contrastive foci. Theoretically, I use the Trevisan data to present a new, tweaked application of previously proposed approaches whereby wh-elements do not contribute to clause-typing and Q-particles are cross-linguistically needed in the computation of answer-seeking wh-questions. My claim is that wh-in situ languages are characterised not only by language-specific choices between projection and adjunction of Q and overt vs covert movement of Q, but also in terms of the loci where the features relevant to wh-questions, [q] and [focus], are checked: while some languages check both in C (‘feature bundling’), others make use of the clause-internal vP-periphery to check [focus] (‘feature scattering’). The theory developed in this article provides an innovative understanding of the mechanisms involved in Northern Italian wh-in situ: what it offers is a novel, economic understanding of the morphosyntax of this question-formation strategy that reduces all core properties to different combinations of the setting of simple, universal micro-parameters related to interrogative wh-movement.

Responses of Language-Disordered Children to Wh-Questions

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Parnell ◽  
James D. Amerman ◽  
Roger D. Harting
Keyword(s):  
Relative Difficulty ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Wh Questions

Nineteen language-disordered children aged 3—7 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources based on immediacy and visual availability. Three and 4-year-olds produced significantly fewer functionally appropriate and functionally accurate answers than did the 5- and 6-year-olds. Generally, questions asked with reference to nonobservable persons, actions, or objects appeared the most difficult. Why, when, and what happened questions were the most difficult of the nine wh-forms. In comparison with previous data from normal children, the language-disordered subjects' responses were significantly less appropriate and accurate. The language-disordered children also appeared particularly vulnerable to the increased cognitive/linguistic demands of questioning directed toward nonimmediate referents. A hierarchy of wh-question forms by relative difficulty was very similar to that observed for normal children. Implications for wh-question assessment and intervention are discussed.

Experimental and theoretical investigations concerning the magnetooptic effects in special D-type fibres

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Barczak ◽  
T. Pustelny ◽  
A. Szpakowski ◽  
M. Błahut
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Investigations

Theoretical and experimental research on slip and uplift of the timber-concrete composite beam

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7079-7099
Author(s):  
Jianying Chen ◽  
Guojing He ◽  
Xiaodong (Alice) Wang ◽  
Jiejun Wang ◽  
Jin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Deformation Theory ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Structural Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Interlayer Slip ◽  
Good Agreement

Timber-concrete composite beams are a new type of structural element that is environmentally friendly. The structural efficiency of this kind of beam highly depends on the stiffness of the interlayer connection. The structural efficiency of the composite was evaluated by experimental and theoretical investigations performed on the relative horizontal slip and vertical uplift along the interlayer between composite’s timber and concrete slab. Differential equations were established based on a theoretical analysis of combination effects of interlayer slip and vertical uplift, by using deformation theory of elastics. Subsequently, the differential equations were solved and the magnitude of uplift force at the interlayer was obtained. It was concluded that the theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the results of experimentation.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Complex Formation of Substituted Phenylazo-Derivatives of Methylphloroglucinol

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Olga Kovalchukova ◽  
Amangdam A.T. ◽  
Strashnova S.B. ◽  
Strashnov P.V. ◽  
Romashkina E.P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Spectrophotometric Titration ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Tautomeric Forms ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Titration Technique

Using spectrophotometric titration technique, the processes of complex formation of some phenylazo-derivatives of methylphloroglucinol (MPG) containing hydroxo-, nitro- and nitroso-substituents were studied. The spectral criteria of neutral and ionized forms of the organic ligands in their different tautomeric forms were determined.It was detected that the complex formation is accompanied by formation of one or two chelate cycles which involve azo- or nitroso-fragments and neighboring OH-groups of the organic ligands. Different types of coordination lead to different changes in the electronic absorption spectra.The DFT-B3LYP modeling of a Ni(II) complex of α-hydroxyphenylazo MPG established the most probable coordination mode of the organic ligand: tridentate chelating dianion, distorted square coordination of Ni-cations including one water molecule.  The theoretical results are in a good accordance with the experimental data.

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