Early circulation of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 in domestic and wild lagomorphs in southern California, USA (2020–2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Asin ◽  
Daniel Rejmanek ◽  
Deana L. Clifford ◽  
Andrea B. Mikolon ◽  
Eileen E. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Disease Virus Type ◽  
Wild Lagomorphs ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 in hares in Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 23.2-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Rocchi ◽  
Madeleine Maley ◽  
Mark Dagleish ◽  
Brian Boag
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Disease Virus Type ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Monitoring of the novel rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (GI.2) epidemic in European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern Spain, 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 108361
Author(s):  
L. Camacho-Sillero ◽  
J. Caballero-Gómez ◽  
F. Gómez-Guillamón ◽  
A. Martínez-Padilla ◽  
M. Agüero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Disease Virus Type ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 in hares in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 127.2-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Bell ◽  
Jonathan P. Davis ◽  
Matthew Gardner ◽  
Alex M. Barlow ◽  
Mara Rocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Disease Virus Type ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Increased pathogenicity in rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (RHDV2)

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (17) ◽  
pp. 426.2-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Capucci ◽  
P. Cavadini ◽  
M. Schiavitto ◽  
G. Lombardi ◽  
A. Lavazza
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Disease Virus Type ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

scholarly journals Immunogenicity in Rabbits of Virus-Like Particles from a Contemporary Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Type 2 (GI.2/RHDV2/b) Isolated in The Netherlands

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Miao ◽  
Ruibing Qi ◽  
Luut Veldkamp ◽  
Jooske Ijzer ◽  
Marja L. Kik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) type 2 (GI.2/RHDV2/b) is an emerging pathogen in wild rabbits and in domestic rabbits vaccinated against RHDV (GI.1). Here we report the genome sequence of a contemporary RHDV2 isolate from the Netherlands and investigate the immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in insect cells. RHDV2 RNA was isolated from the liver of a naturally infected wild rabbit and the complete viral genome sequence was assembled from sequenced RT-PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP60 capsid gene demonstrated that the RHDV2 NL2016 isolate clustered with other contemporary RHDV2 strains. The VP60 gene was cloned in a baculovirus expression vector to produce VLPs in Sf9 insect cells. Density-gradient purified RHDV2 VLPs were visualized by transmission electron microscopy as spherical particles of around 30 nm in diameter with a morphology resembling authentic RHDV. Immunization of rabbits with RHDV2 VLPs resulted in high production of serum antibodies against VP60, and the production of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) was significantly elevated in the immunized rabbits compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that the recombinant RHDV2 VLPs are highly immunogenic and may find applications in serological detection assays and might be further developed as a vaccine candidate to protect domestic rabbits against RHDV2 infection.

scholarly journals The emergence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus: will a non-pathogenic strain protect the UK?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1411) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. White ◽  
R.A. Norman ◽  
R.C. Trout ◽  
E.A. Gould ◽  
P.J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Age Structured Model

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus emerged in China in 1984, and has killed hundreds of millions of wild rabbits in Australia and Europe. In the UK there appears to be an endemic non–pathogenic strain, with high levels of seroprevalence being recorded, in the absence of associated mortality. Using a seasonal, age–structured model we examine the hypothesis that differences in rabbit population demography differentially affect the basic reproductive rates ( R 0 ) of the pathogenic and non–pathogenic strains, leading to each dominating in some populations and not others. The strain with the higher R 0 excluded the other, with the dynamics depending upon the ratio of the two R 0 values. When the non–pathogenic strain dominated, the pathogenic strain caused only transient mortality, although this could be significant when the two R 0 values were similar. When the pathogenic strain dominated, repeated epidemics led to host eradication. Seroprevalence data suggest that the non–pathogenic strain may be protecting some, but not all UK populations, with half being ‘at risk’ from invasion by the pathogenic strain and a fifth prone to significant transient mortality. We identify key questions for empirical research to test this prediction.

Distribution of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus RNA in Experimentally Infected Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kimura ◽  
I. Mitsui ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
T. Furuya ◽  
K. Ochiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 2461-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Moss ◽  
S. L. Turner ◽  
R. C. Trout ◽  
P. J. White ◽  
P. J. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Rabbit Bone ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Millions of domestic and wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have died in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand during the past 17 years following infection by Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). This highly contagious and deadly disease was first identified in China in 1984. Epidemics of RHDV then radiated across Europe until the virus apparently appeared in Britain in 1992. However, this concept of radiation of a new and virulent virus from China is not entirely consistent with serological and molecular evidence. This study shows, using RT–PCR and nucleotide sequencing of RNA obtained from the serum of healthy rabbits stored at 4 °C for nearly 50 years, that, contrary to previous opinions, RHDV circulated as an apparently avirulent virus throughout Britain more than 50 years ago and more than 30 years before the disease itself was identified. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of British and European RHDV sequences, it is concluded that RHDV has almost certainly circulated harmlessly in Britain and Europe for centuries rather than decades. Moreover, analysis of partial capsid sequences did not reveal significant differences between RHDV isolates that came from either healthy rabbits or animals that had died with typical haemorrhagic disease. The high stability of RHDV RNA is also demonstrated by showing that it can be amplified and sequenced from rabbit bone marrow samples collected at least 7 weeks after the animal has died.

scholarly journals Novel Trivalent Vectored Vaccine for Control of Myxomatosis and Disease Caused by Classical and a New Genotype of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Reemers ◽  
Leon Peeters ◽  
Joyce van Schijndel ◽  
Beth Bruton ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are the major causes of lethal viral diseases in the European rabbit. In 2010, a new RHDV genotype (RHDV2) emerged in the field that had limited cross-protection with the classical RHDV (RHDV1). For optimal protection of rabbits and preventing spread of disease, a vaccine providing protection against all three key viruses would be ideal. Therefore, a novel trivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine (Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS) was developed similar to the existing bivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine Nobivac Myxo-RHD. The new vaccine contains the Myxo-RHDV1 strain already included in Nobivac Myxo-RHD and a similarly produced Myxo-RHDV2 strain. This paper describes several key safety and efficacy studies conducted for European licensing purposes. Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS showed to be safe for use in rabbits from five weeks of age onwards, including pregnant rabbits, and did not spread from vaccinated rabbits to in-contact controls. Furthermore, protection to RHDV1 and RHDV2 was demonstrated by challenge, while the serological response to MV was similar to that after vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD. Therefore, routine vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS can prevent the kept rabbit population from these major viral diseases.

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