Olivocochlear projections contribute to superior intensity coding in cochlear nucleus small cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hockley ◽  
Calvin Wu ◽  
Susan E Shore
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Intensity Coding

scholarly journals Voids in the gerbil cochlear nucleus: Is there an anatomical substrate for intensity coding?

1989 ◽  
Vol 85 (S1) ◽  
pp. S69-S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Statler ◽  
S. C. Chamberlain ◽  
R. L. Smith ◽  
N. B. Slepecky
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Intensity Coding

scholarly journals Cochlear nucleus small cells use olivocochlear collaterals to encode sounds in noise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hockley ◽  
Calvin Wu ◽  
Susan E Shore
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fiber ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Olivocochlear System

Understanding speech, especially in noisy environments, is crucial to social interactions. Yet, as we age, speech processing can be disrupted by cochlear damage and the subsequent auditory nerve fiber degeneration. The most vulnerable-medium and high-threshold-auditory nerve fibers innervate various cell types in the cochlear nucleus, among which, the small cells are unique in receiving this input exclusively. Here, we characterize small cell firing characteristics, demonstrating superior temporal as well as intensity coding. We show that small-cell unique coding properties are facilitated by direct cholinergic input from the medial olivocochlear system. These results highlight the small cell-olivocochlear circuit as a key player in signal processing in noisy environments, which may be selectively degraded in aging or after noise insult.

Comparison of Choriocarcinoma and Normal Placenta

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Jon V. Straumfjord
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Glycogen ◽  
Normal Placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

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