Comparison of Choriocarcinoma and Normal Placenta

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Jon V. Straumfjord
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Glycogen ◽  
Normal Placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

scholarly journals The plasminogen system and cell surfaces: evidence for plasminogen and urokinase receptors on the same cell type.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2411-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
E F Plow ◽  
D E Freaney ◽  
J Plescia ◽  
L A Miles
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Catalytically Active

The capacity of cells to interact with the plasminogen activator, urokinase, and the zymogen, plasminogen, was assessed using the promyeloid leukemic U937 cell line and the diploid fetal lung GM1380 fibroblast cell line. Urokinase bound to both cell lines in a time-dependent, specific, and saturable manner (Kd = 0.8-2.0 nM). An active catalytic site was not required for urokinase binding to the cells, and 55,000-mol-wt urokinase was selectively recognized. Plasminogen also bound to the two cell lines in a specific and saturable manner. This interaction occurred with a Kd of 0.8-0.9 microM and was of very high capacity (1.6-3.1 X 10(7) molecules bound/cell). The interaction of plasminogen with both cell types was partially sensitive to trypsinization of the cells and required an unoccupied high affinity lysine-binding site in the ligand. When plasminogen was added to the GM1380 cells, a line with high intrinsic plasminogen activator activity, the bound ligand was comprised of both plasminogen and plasmin. Urokinase, in catalytically active or inactive form, enhanced plasminogen binding to the two cell lines by 1.4-3.3-fold. Plasmin was the predominant form of the bound ligand when active urokinase was added, and preformed plasmin can also bind directly to the cells. Plasmin on the cell surface was also protected from its primary inhibitor, alpha 2-antiplasmin. These results indicate that the two cell lines possess specific binding sites for plasminogen and urokinase, and a family of widely distributed cellular receptors for these components may be considered. Endogenous or exogenous plasminogen activators can generate plasmin on cell surfaces, and such activation may provide a mechanism for arming cell surfaces with the broad proteolytic activity of this enzyme.

scholarly journals P04.01 Dendritic-cell based immunotherapy targeting pancreatic and NSCLC cancer stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A36-A36
Author(s):  
J Calmeiro ◽  
M Carrascal ◽  
L Mendes ◽  
IF Duarte ◽  
C Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Part Time

BackgroundThe field of cancer immunotherapy is growing at a fast pace, with new developments in this field leading to a change in cancer therapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the central tools in cellular anti-tumour immunotherapy and the production of clinical grade monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) is the most frequent approach for antitumor vaccines production. However, there is a large space for improvement of protocols and a clear need for the establishment of clinical standard operating procedures (CSOP). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a recently identified small cell population present in the tumour, resistant to radio/chemotherapy and known to be responsible for disease recurrence. Here, we aim to contribute to the standardization of CSOPs and to target and eradicate CSCs by developing a DC-based immunotherapy vaccine for pancreatic and non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing DC loading with CSCs vs. classical tumour lysates.Materials and MethodsCSCs from PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) and A549 (NSCLC) cell lines were isolated and characterized by RT-PCR and flow citometry. CSCs resistance to chemotherapy was also assessed. In vitro anti-tumour cytotoxicity assays were performed. We also defined and compared the effect of 4 culture media during human Mo-DCs production. Three Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) serum-free culture media for clinical use were tested - DendriMACS, AIM-V and X-VIVO 15. RPMI was used as a comparative term given that it is largely used in pre-clinical research. We characterized DC viability, differentiation, maturation, internalization of tumour lysates, cytokines production and autologous T cell stimulatory capacity, as well as metabolomic profiles by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.ResultsCSCs from PANC-1 and A549 cell lines were successfully isolated and overexpressed the stem-like markers NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and CD133, with resistance to gemcitabine. In terms of differentiation, maturation, antigen uptake capacity and metabolic profiles, AIM-V and X-VIVO 15 present similar results. However, the use of X-VIVO 15 shows an enhanced DC production of IL-12. DCs cultured in X-VIVO 15 and AIM-V media are able to induce a superior stimulation of T cells (CTLs and Th1 responses) while DCs cultured in DendriMACS are more prone to induce Treg polarization. Our data show that X-VIVO 15 and AIM-V culture media are preferable to support the differentiation of DCs to be used in immunostimulatory approaches such as in cancer immunotherapy.ConclusionsOverall, our results demonstrate that blood monocytic precursors present considerable plasticity allowing a tailored differentiation of DCs just by changing the nutritive support. This highlights the need of critically defining the culture medium to be used in DC cancer immunotherapy, attaining the desired cell characteristics and consequent robust clinical responses. We are now assessing in vitro anti-tumour cytotoxicity to evaluate if DC loading with CSC antigens can be an efficient immunotherapy strategy to target and eliminate this specific and resistant cancer cell population.FundingImmunoDCs@CancerStemCells: Cellular Immunotherapy towards the elimination of cancer stem cells (Ref.: POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033532), co-funded by FEDER, COMPETE2020 and University of Coimbra.Disclosure InformationJ. Calmeiro: None. M. Carrascal: A. Employment (full or part-time); Significant; Tecnimede Group. L. Mendes: None. I.F. Duarte: None. C. Gomes: None. J. Serra: A. Employment (full or part-time); Significant; Tecnimede Group. A. Falcão: None. M.T. Cruz: None. B.M. Neves: None.

scholarly journals Tumorigenic Potential of Mononucleated Small Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Lines

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 3081-3088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichiro Ikeda ◽  
Suhana Mamat ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Nur Rahadiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoma Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell

scholarly journals MEMBRANE-COATING GRANULES OF KERATINIZING EPITHELIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gedeon Matoltsy ◽  
Paul F. Parakkal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Coated Cell ◽  
Membrane Coating

The purpose of this study has been to obtain information on the development of the envelop of horny cells that resists the action of keratinolytic agents. Toward this end the epidermis, oral mucosa, and tongue epithelium of various vertebrates, as well as the isolated envelopes of horny cells, were examined by electron microscopy. It was found that small cytoplasmic granules (1,000 to 5,000 A) that develop within differentiating epithelial cells move toward the cell periphery, and after fusion with the plasma membrane, empty their contents into the intercellular spaces. The content of the granules spreads over the cell surfaces, and subsequently a thickened and coated cell envelope is formed that resists the action of keratinolytic agent. The membrane-coating granule is regarded as a specific differentiation product of the keratinizing epithelium. It contains numerous inner membranes and is assumed to engage in synthetic activities such as, perhaps, the formation of polysaccharides.

The Morphologic Effects of Histamine on the Lateral Cochlear Wall

1979 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt J. Duvall ◽  
Margaret J. Hukee ◽  
Peter A. Santi
Keyword(s):  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Pore System ◽  
Vessel Permeability ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

The chinchilla lateral cochlear wall (stria vascularis, spiral ligament, and spiral prominence) was examined by morphologic and histochemical techniques following various doses of intravenous histamine. The three main findings were as follows: (1) the basic ultrastructure was not altered by histamine; (2) there is a time- and dose-dependent change in the rate of stria vascularis vessel permeability to a small protein tracer (horseradish peroxidase), but the mode of transport (large pore system) is unchanged; and (3) glycogen depletion in stria marginal cells occurs with its apparent mobilization into stria intercellular spaces.

Long term tissue cultures and cell lines of neoplasms in domesticated animals

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Owen ◽  
A. Doyle ◽  
T.D. Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Domesticated Animals

scholarly journals Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Tetrahymena thermophila size mutants: the relationship between cell size and regulation of DNA content

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
H.M. Seyfert ◽  
H. Hipke ◽  
W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Average Cell Volume

Temperature-sensitive size mutants of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila were selected following chemical mutagenesis. Phenotypical characteristics are given for seven cell lines, which have a range of average cell volumes from 8000 microns 3 to more than 100 000 microns 3. wild-type Tetrahymena cells have an average cell volume of 15 000 microns 3. Two of the mutagenized cell lines have comparatively small cells at 29 degrees C but normal cells at 37 degrees C; whereas the other five lines are normal at 29 degrees C but large at 37 degrees C. While the small cells are poor growers, the large cells grow excellently at 37 degrees C. Measurements of DNA, RNA and protein contents indicate a significant correlation between all parameters and cell size. However, since the cells tolerate considerably different concentrations of each class of macromolecules, the amount of any of these macromolecules cannot be tightly controlled by cell size.

scholarly journals Cell-free DNA is released from tumor cells upon cell death: A study of tissue cultures of tumor cell lines

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ni Li ◽  
Hui-Lun Hsu ◽  
Tsu-Lan Wu ◽  
Kuo-Chien Tsao ◽  
Chien-Feng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

scholarly journals Intercellular Attachment in the Epithelium of Hydra As Revealed by Electron Microscopy

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Plasma Unit

In Hydra adjacent epithelial cells are bound firmly to each other by desmosomes of a type not described in detail hitherto. The most prominent feature of these desmosomes is the presence of a series of parallel lamellae which bridge the intercellular space and connect the two apposed cell surfaces directly. These structures, here termed intercellular attachment lamellae, display two peaks of density about 50 A apart. These dense lines appear in some instances to be continuous with the outer dense components of the plasma unit membranes of the attached cells. The presence of prominent lamellae in intercellular attachments is sufficiently distinctive to deserve special terminology; accordingly, the term septate desmosome is proposed. It is noted that septate desmosomes may have been seen in other animals in instances where published electron micrographs show cross-striations or prominent connections in regions of intercellular attachment. It is suggested that septate desmosomes in Hydra, in addition to binding cells firmly to each other, form barriers to the movement of water into intercellular spaces and thus help to protect the organism's internal environment. Observations on the use of phosphotungstic acid for improving contrast in materials embedded in epoxy resins are also recorded.

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