scholarly journals Computerized Design and Generation of Low-Noise Helical Gears With Modified Surface Topology

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
N. X. Chen ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
R. F. Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Computerized Simulation

Abstract An approach for design and generation of low-noise helical gears with localized bearing contact is proposed. The approach is applied to double circular arc helical gears and modified involute helical gears. The reduction of noise and vibration is achieved by application of a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors that is able to absorb a discontinuous linear function of transmission errors caused by misalignment. The localization of the bearing contact is achieved by the mismatch of pinion-gear tooth surfaces. Computerized simulation of meshing and contact of the designed gears demonstrated that the proposed approach will produce a parabolic transmission errors function when misalignment is present. Numerical examples for illustration of the developed approach are given.

scholarly journals Computerized Design and Generation of Low-Noise Helical Gears with Modified Surface Topology

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2A) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
N. X. Chen ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
R. F. Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

An approach for the design and generation of low-noise helical gears with localized bearing contact is proposed. The approach is applied to double circular arc helical gears and modified involute helical gears. The reduction of noise and vibration is achieved by application of a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors that is able to absorb a discontinuous linear function of transmission errors caused by misalignment. The localization of the bearing contact is achieved by the mismatch of pinion-gear tooth surfaces. Computerized simulation of meshing and contact of the designed gears demonstrated that the proposed approach will produce a pair of gears that has a parabolic transmission error function even when misalignment is present. Numerical examples for illustration of the developed approach are given.

Computerized Simulation of Transmission Errors and Shift of Bearing Contact for Hypoid Gear Drive With Conjugate Gear Tooth Surfaces

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faydor L. Litvin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Chen ◽  
Thomas M. Sep ◽  
Jyh-Chiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Parabolic Function ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Simulation

Abstract Computerized investigation of the influence of alignment errors on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact is proposed. The investigation is performed for an imaginary hypoid gear drive with conjugate tooth surfaces. It is proven that the transmission functions caused by misalignment are periodic discontinues almost linear functions with the frequency of cycle of meshing. The above functions can be totally absorbed by a predesigned parabolic function. The shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment has been determined as well. The performed investigation is based on computerized simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces. The machine-tool settings for the generation of the designed gear drive have been determined. Numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is given. The performed investigation allows to determine the influence of gear misalignment on transmission errors, and design a low-noise hypoid gear drive by a properly predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors.

Kinematic and Geometric Models of Gear Drives

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
I. H. Seol ◽  
D. Kim ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
A. G. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
The Impact

A methodology is proposed for the modification of gear tooth surfaces that reduces the impact of gear drive misalignment, the shift of the bearing contact (accompanied in some cases with edge contact), and the occurrence of discontinuous functions of transmission errors. The proposed approach is tested by computerized simulation of meshing and contact for unloaded and loaded gear drives. Applications of geometry modifications to the design of spur and helical involute gears, double-circular helical gears, face-gear drives, face-milled spiral bevel gears with constant tooth height and worm-gear drives are represented.

Computerized Design, Generation and Simulation of Meshing and Contact of Modified Flender Worm-Gear Drives

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Seol ◽  
Faydor L. Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Design Generation ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Gear Drives

Abstract The worm and worm-gear tooth surfaces of existing design of Flender gear drive are in line contact at every instant and the gear drive is very sensitive to misalignment. Errors of alignment cause the shift of the bearing contact and transmission errors. The authors propose : (1) Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of misaligned worm-gear drives of existing design (2) Methods of modification of geometry of worm-gear drives that enable to localize and stabilize the bearing contact and reduce the sensitivity of drives to misalignment (3) Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of worm-gear drives with modified geometry The proposed approach was applied as well for the involute (David Brown) and Klingelnberg type of worm-gear drives. Numerical examples that illustrate the developed theory are provided.

Application and Investigation of Modified Helical Gears With Several Types of Geometry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Alfonso Fuentes ◽  
Faydor L. Litvin ◽  
Kenichi Hayasaka ◽  
Kenji Yukishima
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Gear Drives

Involute helical gears with modified geometry for transformation of rotation between parallel axes are considered. Three types of topology of geometry are considered: (1) crowning of pinion tooth surface is provided only partially by application of a grinding disk; (2) double crowning of pinion tooth surface is obtained applying a grinding disk; (3) concave-convex pinion and gear tooth surfaces are provided (similar to Novikov-Wildhaber gears). Localization of bearing contact is provided for all three types of topology. Computerized TCA (Tooth Contact Analysis) is performed for all three types of topology to obtain: (i) path of contact on pinion and gear tooth surfaces; (ii) negative function of transmission errors for misaligned gear drives (that allows the contact ratio to be increased). Stress analysis is performed for the whole cycle of meshing. Finite element models of pinion and gear with several pairs of teeth are applied. A relative motion is imposed to the pinion model that allows friction between contact surfaces to be considered. Numerical examples have confirmed the advantages and disadvantages of the applied approaches for generation and design.

Determination of Principal Curvatures and Contact Ellipse for Profile Crowned Helical Gears

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-H. Feng ◽  
F. L Litvin ◽  
D. P. Townsend ◽  
R. F. Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Principal Curvatures ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Simplified Solution ◽  
Contact Ellipse

Helical gears with localized bearing contact of tooth surfaces achieved by profile crowning of tooth surfaces are considered. Profile crowning is provided by application of two imaginary rack-cutters with mismatched surfaces. The goal is to determine the dimensions and orientation of the instantaneous contact ellipse that requires the determination of principle curvatures of pinion-gear tooth surfaces. A simplified solution to this problem is proposed based on the approach developed in [1, 2] for correlation of principal curvatures and directions of generating and generated tooth surfaces. The obtained equations are applied for profile crowning where the normal profiles of the rack-cutters are either a circular arc or a straight line.

Computerized Simulation of Transmission Errors and Shift of Bearing Contact for Face-Milled Hypoid Gear Drive

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2A) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Chen ◽  
T. M. Sep ◽  
Jyh-Chiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Alignment Errors

A computerized investigation of the influence of alignment errors on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact is performed. The investigation is performed for an imaginary hypoid gear drive with conjugate tooth surfaces. The transmission error functions caused by misalignment are shown to be periodic discontinuous almost linear functions with the frequency of the cycle of meshing. The above functions can be totally absorbed by a predesigned parabolic function. The shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment has been determined as well. The investigation is based on computerized simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces. The machine-tool settings for the generation of the designed gear drive have been determined. A numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is given.

Computerized Design, Generation and Simulation of Meshing and Contact of Modified Involute, Klingelnberg and Flender Type Worm-Gear Drives

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Seol ◽  
F. L. Litvin
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Design Generation ◽  
Computerized Simulation ◽  
Gear Drives

The worm and worm-gear tooth surfaces of existing worm-gear drive designs are in line contact at every instant and the gear drive is very sensitive to misalignment. Errors of alignment cause shifting of the bearing contact and transmission errors. Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of misaligned worm-gear drives of existing design are proposed. Also, modification of worm-gear drive geometry that provides a localized and stable bearing contact with reduced sensitivity to misalignment is described. Methods for computerized simulation of meshing and contact of worm-gear drives with the existing and modified geometry are represented. Numerical examples that illustrate the developed theory are provided. The proposed approach has been applied for modification of involute, Klingelnberg and Flender type worm-gear drives.

Helical Gears With Circular Arc Teeth: Simulation of Conditions of Meshing and Bearing Contact

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Chung-Biau Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Technological Method ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Paper Cover ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Center Distance

Methods proposed in this paper cover: (a) generation of conjugate gear tooth surfaces with localized bearing contact; (b) derivation of equations of gear tooth surfaces; (c) simulation of conditions of meshing and bearing contact; (d) investigation of the sensitivity of gears to the errors of manufacturing and assembly (to the change of center distance and misalignment); and (e) improvement of bearing contact with the corrections of tool settings. Using this technological method we may compensate for the dislocation of the bearing contact induced by errors of manufacturing and assembly. The application of the proposed methods is illustrated by numerical examples. The derivation of the equations is given in the Appendix.

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