A Literature Review on the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing—Welding Systems and Software

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is considered to be an economic and efficient technology that is suitable to produce large-scale and ultra-large-scale metallic components. In the past two decades, it has been widely investigated in different fields, such as aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Due to its relatively high deposition rate, material efficiency, and shortened lead time compared to other powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been significantly noticed and adopted by both academic researchers and industrial engineers. In order to summarize the development achievements of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in the past few years and outlook the development direction in the coming days, this paper provides an overview of 3D metallic printing by applying it as a deposition method. The review mainly focuses on the current welding systems, software for tool path design, generation, and planning used in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). In the end, the state of the art and future research on wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) have been prospected.

Making Things Right: New Zealand industrial design pioneer Peter Haythornthwaite, the quest for beauty and putting the user first

In 2018, interviewing Peter Haythornthwaite for a small contribution to the book, ‘Design Generation’1 (by Michael Smythe; published in support of an Objectspace exhibition of the industrial designer’s work), the designer ventured on to the subject of beauty and its importance to his design process. It seems fitting to start here with that idea, because while beauty’s role in design is little discussed today, Haythornthwaite saw how objects of beauty make everyday use a delight.

Virtual medium for design Participation: A shared perceptual understanding in an urban design approach

Due to lack of communication tools, the non-experts in a participatory urban design process face difficulty to take part actively in the stage of design ideation and generation. Mostly, the design ideas stay in conceptual form and do not provide enough perceptual understanding to conceive the design actions fully. The research hypothesises that an Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE) instrument enhances layperson's urban design participation and collaboration during the early stage of the design generation. The research involves non-expert stakeholders as co-designers for a neighbourhood design in New Zealand. The paper discusses as a parallel reporting with other coming articles on how the IVE instrument facilitates successful design collaboration among fellow laypersons to design their own neighbourhood. A protocol analysis validates the success of design communication happened during non-experts design engagements. An expert evaluation is done to rank the generated design in responding to understand the ideas. In conclusion, the article speculates that an IVE assisted participatory urban design process empowers laypersons to take part actively in urban spatial design.

Virtual medium for design Participation: A shared perceptual understanding in an urban design approach

Due to lack of communication tools, the non-experts in a participatory urban design process face difficulty to take part actively in the stage of design ideation and generation. Mostly, the design ideas stay in conceptual form and do not provide enough perceptual understanding to conceive the design actions fully. The research hypothesises that an Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE) instrument enhances layperson's urban design participation and collaboration during the early stage of the design generation. The research involves non-expert stakeholders as co-designers for a neighbourhood design in New Zealand. The paper discusses as a parallel reporting with other coming articles on how the IVE instrument facilitates successful design collaboration among fellow laypersons to design their own neighbourhood. A protocol analysis validates the success of design communication happened during non-experts design engagements. An expert evaluation is done to rank the generated design in responding to understand the ideas. In conclusion, the article speculates that an IVE assisted participatory urban design process empowers laypersons to take part actively in urban spatial design.

Implementation of the BIM Methodology in the Architecture Degree: Experience of the Architecture School of San Sebastian

The emergence of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology in the design, generation, maintenance and data management of any type of building has meant the most important advance in decades in the construction sector. Moreover, current European and Spanish regulations require its mandatory use. In this context, the university degree studies related to construction must challenge this new reality. The aim of the project conducted in the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) School of Architecture of San Sebastian, is the implementation of the BIM methodology in its Architecture Degree. The intention of this research is to implement the BIM methodology without subtracting competencies or content from the current Syllabus. This methodology should be gradually integrated into the different courses and intertwined with the contents of different subjects, in order to train Architecture graduates on BIM and preparing them to join a professional market that demands this knowledge. The purpose of this communication is to report the current status and the level of development of this study.

ESAMP: Event-Sourced Architecture for Materials Provenance Management and Application to Accelerated Materials Discovery

While the vision of accelerating materials discovery using data driven methods is well-founded, practical realization has been throttled due to challenges in data generation, ingestion, and materials state-aware machine learning. High-throughput experiments and automated computational workflows are addressing the challenge of data generation, and capitalizing on these emerging data resources requires ingestion of data into an architecture that captures the complex provenance of experiments and simulations. In this manuscript, we describe an event-sourced architecture for materials provenance (ESAMP) that encodes the sequence and interrelationships among events occurring in a simulation or experiment. We use this architecture to ingest a large and varied dataset (MEAD) that contains raw data and metadata from millions of materials synthesis and characterization experiments performed using various modalities such as serial, parallel, multimodal experimentation. Our data architecture tracks the evolution of a material’s state, enabling a demonstration of how stateequivalency rules can be used to generate datasets that significantly enhance data-driven materials discovery. Specifically, using state-equivalency rules and parameters associated with statechanging processes in addition to the typically used composition data, we demonstrated marked reduction of uncertainty in prediction of overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Finally, we discuss the importance of ESAMP architecture in enabling several aspects of accelerated materials discovery such as dynamic workflow design, generation of knowledge graphs, and efficient integration of theory and experiment.

ESAMP: Event-Sourced Architecture for Materials Provenance Management and Application to Accelerated Materials Discovery

While the vision of accelerating materials discovery using data driven methods is well-founded, practical realization has been throttled due to challenges in data generation, ingestion, and materials state-aware machine learning. High-throughput experiments and automated computational workflows are addressing the challenge of data generation, and capitalizing on these emerging data resources requires ingestion of data into an architecture that captures the complex provenance of experiments and simulations. In this manuscript, we describe an event-sourced architecture for materials provenance (ESAMP) that encodes the sequence and interrelationships among events occurring in a simulation or experiment. We use this architecture to ingest a large and varied dataset (MEAD) that contains raw data and metadata from millions of materials synthesis and characterization experiments performed using various modalities such as serial, parallel, multimodal experimentation. Our data architecture tracks the evolution of a material’s state, enabling a demonstration of how stateequivalency rules can be used to generate datasets that significantly enhance data-driven materials discovery. Specifically, using state-equivalency rules and parameters associated with statechanging processes in addition to the typically used composition data, we demonstrated marked reduction of uncertainty in prediction of overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Finally, we discuss the importance of ESAMP architecture in enabling several aspects of accelerated materials discovery such as dynamic workflow design, generation of knowledge graphs, and efficient integration of theory and experiment.