Progress on Environmentally Compliant Aluminum Ceramic Compressor Coatings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Mosser
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Aluminum Paint ◽  
Steel Substrates

During the last decade there has been an increasing emphasis on compliance to ever stricter environmental laws as well as compliance to regulations that have been designed to protect workers from exposure to toxic or otherwise harmful substances or processes. This world-wide emphasis has forced a continuing review of materials and processes used in the manufacture and protection of compressor materials from corrosion. Turbine compressors have been coated with silicone aluminum paint, diffused nickel cadmium and aluminum pigmented ceramic coatings that contain hexavalent chromium. These three processes utilize various chemicals including toxic substances, carcinogens and volatile organic compounds (VOC). All three of the coating processes need to be either made compliant or eliminated from use. This paper will review efforts that have been made to develop compliant aluminum ceramic compressor coating materials as applied to various steel and stainless steel substrates. In all cases the new materials that have been developed are free of toxic or carcinogenic materials. Test results will be compared to specification requirements for chrome containing compressor coatings in the area of physical properties including surface finish, thickness and adhesion. Additionally, environmental test data will be presented based on standard test methods that compare new compliant coatings with conventional chrome containing materials. Finally, process steps and conditions will be described for these new coatings.

Laboratory Study of Hydraulic Conductivity for Coarse Aggregate Bases

1996 ◽  
Vol 1519 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Randolph ◽  
Jiangeng Cai ◽  
Andrew G. Heydinger ◽  
Jiwan D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pavement Structures

Inadequate drainage of pavement structures has been identified as a primary cause of pavement distress. Hydraulic conductivity is the most important factor controlling drainage capability. Coarse grained materials have high values of hydraulic conductivity. ASTM and AASHTO standard test methods are limited for coarse materials used in pavement bases and subbases because of their high permeability and large particle sizes and the horizontal flow in the field conditions. A large scale horizontal permeameter and a testing procedure were developed and the range of hydraulic conductivities of six base and subbase specifications made up of three material types provided by the Ohio Department of Transportation were evaluated. A horizontal permeameter (305 × 305 × 457 mm) and a testing procedure were developed to reduce errors produced by sidewall leakage, partial saturation, measurement of small head differences, and interpretation of turbulent flow as laminar flow. Fifty-four samples were tested, including various gradations of nonstabilized, portland cement stabilized, and asphalt stabilized bases made of limestone, gravel, or slag materials. The results obtained were analyzed and compared with previous research, empirical relations, and field test results of similar base and subbase materials. The comparisons and analyses indicate that the permeameter and the procedure produce representative results. Test results indicate a wide range of hydraulic conductivities for gradations at each extreme of a specification. Effective porosities were also found to be as low as 6 percent for the fine gradation of a common limestone base material.

The Comparison of Methods of Testing Enameled Wire to Mechanical Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Andrey Leonov ◽  
Adelya Supueva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mechanical Loads

This work presents the test results of the enameled winding wires, characterizing an insulation mechanical strength. The standard and original test methods were used. It should be noted that the existing standard test methods do not estimate enamel insulation resistance to the mechanical loads authentically. Note that the estimation of wire mechanical resistance can be done by the determination of the number of defects in the enamel insulation. The results of tests for wires with various types of insulation are presented.

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